[KS] Re: 1871 Incident
Jacqueline Pak
jyp8 at starpower.net
Sat May 20 16:06:54 EDT 2000
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
------=_NextPart_000_0052_01BFC275.6AC1A120
Content-Type: text/plain;
charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
1871 Incident
----- Original Message -----=20
From: Frank Hoffmann=20
To: korean-studies at mailbase.ac.uk=20
Sent: Saturday, May 20, 2000 1:04 PM
Subject: 1871 Incident
1871 Incident
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
Bauer, K.Jack. =B3The Korean Expedition of 1871.=B2 United States =
Naval Institute Proceedings 74 (February 1948): 197-204.
=20
Cable, E.M. =B3The United States-Korean Relations 1866-1871.=B2 =
Transactions of the Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 28 (1938): =
1-230.
Cable, E.M. United States Korean Relations: 1866-1871. English =
publication. Seoul: Literary Dept. of the Chosen Christian College, =
1939.
Location: State: DC, Library: LNN, Library: NHC
Gosnell, H.H. =B3The Navy in Korea, 1871.=B2 American Neptune 7, no. =
April (1947): 107-114.
=20
Runyan, C.F. =B3Captain Mclane Tilton and the Korean Incident of =
1871.=B2 Marine Corps Gazette 42, no. 2 (1958): 36-48, (33): 36-50.
Abstract: Describes the intervention of US Marines under Captain =
McLane Tilton in Korea in 1871 to open Korea to American economic and =
political penetration.
[Copyright =A9: ABC-CLIO, Ltd.]
Schley, W.S. =B3Our Navy in Korea: Asiatic Squadron under John =
Rodgers, 1870-1871.=B2 Harper's Magazine's Weekly 38 (August 18, 1894): =
779-783.
=20
Schley, Winfield Scott. =B3Rear Admiral Schley on the Little War of =
1871.=B2 The Korea Review 5 (1905): 97-106.
=20
Castel, Albert, and Andrew C. Nahm. =B3Our Little War with the =
Heathen.=B2 American Heritage 19, no. 3 (1968): 18-23, 72-75.
Abstract: A little-known event among American historians is the =
first American conflict with Korea, in 1871. Korea was the last major =
Asiatic country which resisted Westernization and was thus called the =
"Hermit Kingdom." Following the destruction of an American merchant =
vessel on the Taedong River, the United States dispatched Frederick =
Ferdinand Low, U.S. minister to China, and Rear Admiral John Rodgers to =
Korea with 1,230 fighting men. The American fleet sailed to Korea and up =
the Han River. As the flotilla passed fortified positions on Kanghoa =
Island, they were fired on by 200 cannon. Admiral Rodgers then landed =
650 men, destroyed the island fortifications, and captured Kanghoa's =
principal fort after violent combat. Inadequate military reserves forced =
American withdrawal. It would be another decade before the United States =
would conclude a treaty of commercial reciprocity with Korea. Based on =
primary and secondary sources; photos.
J. D. Born, Jr.
[Copyright =A9: ABC-CLIO, Ltd.]
Kim, David Hongkee. =B3Americans in Korea: The Background of the =
Shufeldt Treaty: 1866 to 1882.=B2 Ph.D. diss., Georgetown University, =
1983.
Abstract: This background study of the origins of United =
States-Korean relations, from the beginnings of American involvement in =
Korea in 1866 to the signing of the Shufeldt Treaty in 1882, places the =
role Americans and their activity in "opening" Korea within the context =
of a shifting pattern of East Asian international relations. While =
presenting Korea's desire to preserve its seclusion and the principal =
tenets of its traditional foreign policy of sadae chui with China and =
kyorin with Japan, it also investigates the continuous external pressure =
Korea faced from the leading Western powers as well as the basic =
character of Sino-Japanese rivalry over Korea. During the period 1866 to =
1882, the purpose of the United States remained the same: to effect a =
treaty which would protect mariners and promote commerce. However, the =
methods for achieving this treaty shifted through three stages: (1) from =
1866 to 1868, which dealt with the search for the General Sherman and a =
treaty through Chinese cooperation; (2) from 1870 to 1871, which sought =
direct contact with the Korean government and used force in an attempt =
to resolve the issue; and (3) from 1880 to 1882, which relied on =
diplomacy and sought first the "good offices" of Japan and then of =
China. In the final analysis, the United States's policy toward Korea =
could not proceed solely from American initiative. It was inextricably =
bound up with the changing network of international relations linking =
Korea with China and Japan. Research for this study required Chinese, =
Japanese, Korean, French, and American sources. It was done with the =
idea of attempting to study American diplomatic history in conjunction =
with the histories of other countries and their inter-relationships.
[UMI accession no.: AAC 8425177. The dissertation citation and =
abstract contained in this record is published with permission of Bell & =
Howell Information and Learning Company. Further reproduction is =
prohibited without permission.]
Kolb, Richard K. =B3Tiger Hunt in Korea.=B2 VFW, Veterans of Foreign =
Wars Magazine 77, no. 7 (March 1990): 16-18.
Abstract: The 1871 weekend war in Korea, where the fierce "Tiger =
Hunt" defended the Hermit Kingdom, thus earning the respect of US =
marines and sailors, is chronicled.
Leary, William M., Jr. =B3Our Other War in Korea.=B2 U.S. Naval =
Institute Proceedings 94, no. 6 (1968): 46-53.
Abstract: Describes the punitive amphibious assault on the Kingdom =
of Korea in 1871. In 1866, as a result of allegedly provocative actions, =
the crew of an American schooner had been killed in the closed Kingdom =
of Korea. Upon the recommendation of the American Consul General in =
Shanghai, the American Minister to China, Frederick Ferdinand Low =
(1828-94), was instructed in 1870 to secure from the Koreans promises of =
"protection and good treatment" of American sailors. Rear Admiral John =
Rodgers (1812-82) received orders to support the Low mission with "a =
display of force adequate to support the dignity of this government." As =
the American squadron proceeded up the channel toward Seoul in 1871, =
Korean forts took the ships under fire. Messages from the government of =
Yi Haung, the Taewon-gun, indicated that the Koreans desired no friendly =
relations with foreigners. Low and Rodgers decided an amphibious assault =
on the forts to "vindicate the honor of the flag," In the ensuing action =
3 Americans and 243 Koreans died. The forts were demolished; the naval =
squadron remained for a short while, awaiting overtures from the Korean =
king which never came. Japan, not the U.S., would open the Hermit =
Kingdom a few years later, paving the way for a treaty with the United =
States in 1882.
W. C. Frank
[Copyright =A9: ABC-CLIO, Ltd.]
Peake, Louis A. =B3The United States 'Weekend War' with Korea.=B2 =
Military Collector and Historian 33, no. 1 (1981): 13-17.
Abstract: Relates the circumstances, military leaders, and actions =
of the so-called Weekend War between the United States and Korea in =
1871, intended to open up Korea to the western world and to gather =
information about the destruction of the American schooner, General =
Sherman, in 1866 by the Koreans.
[Copyright =A9: ABC-CLIO, Ltd.]
Tyson, Carolyn A. Marine Amphibious Landing in Korea, 1871. A Naval =
Historical Foundation publication: ser. 2, no. 5. Washington: Naval =
Historical Foundation, 1966.
Location: CLAG Los Angeles Public Library
NYCX Cornell University
Werstein, Irving. The Trespassers: Korea, June 1871. New York: Dutton, =
1969.
Call No.: E183.8.K7 W4 1969
=20
Winkler, Robin L. =B3Korea: American Intervention, 1866-1871.=B2 M.A. =
thesis, Columbia University, 1949.
=20
------=_NextPart_000_0052_01BFC275.6AC1A120
Content-Type: text/html;
charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>1871 Incident</TITLE>
<META content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-1" =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
<STYLE type=3Dtext/css>BLOCKQUOTE {
MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN-TOP: 0px
}
DL {
MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN-TOP: 0px
}
UL {
MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN-TOP: 0px
}
OL {
MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN-TOP: 0px
}
LI {
MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN-TOP: 0px
}
</STYLE>
<META content=3D"MSHTML 5.00.2314.1000" name=3DGENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV> </DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE=20
style=3D"BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: =
0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt arial; font-color: =
black"><B>From:</B>=20
<A href=3D"mailto:hoffmann at fas.harvard.edu" =
title=3Dhoffmann at fas.harvard.edu>Frank=20
Hoffmann</A> </DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A=20
href=3D"mailto:korean-studies at mailbase.ac.uk"=20
=
title=3Dkorean-studies at mailbase.ac.uk>korean-studies at mailbase.ac.uk</A> =
</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Saturday, May 20, 2000 =
1:04=20
PM</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> 1871 Incident</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman">1871 Incident</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Times New =
Roman">=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman"><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">Bauer, K.Jack. =
=B3The Korean=20
Expedition of 1871.=B2<I> United States Naval Institute =
Proceedings</I> 74=20
(February 1948): 197-204.<BR> </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">Cable, E.M. =B3The =
United=20
States-Korean Relations 1866-1871.=B2<I> Transactions of the Korea =
Branch of the=20
Royal Asiatic Society</I> 28 (1938): 1-230.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman"><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">Cable, E.M.<I> =
United States=20
Korean Relations: 1866-1871</I>. English publication. Seoul: Literary =
Dept. of=20
the Chosen Christian College, 1939.<BR> <FONT =
size=3D-1><U>=20
Location</U>: State: DC, Library: LNN, Library: =
NHC</FONT></FONT><BR><FONT=20
color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D-1></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">Gosnell, H.H. =
=B3The Navy in=20
Korea, 1871.=B2<I> American Neptune</I> 7, no. April (1947):=20
107-114.<BR> </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">Runyan, C.F. =
=B3Captain Mclane=20
Tilton and the Korean Incident of 1871.=B2<I> Marine Corps Gazette</I> =
42, no. 2=20
(1958): 36-48, (33): 36-50.<BR> <FONT size=3D-1><U> Abstract</U>: =
Describes=20
the intervention of US Marines under Captain McLane Tilton in Korea in =
1871 to=20
open Korea to American economic and political =
penetration.<BR>[Copyright =A9:=20
ABC-CLIO, Ltd.]</FONT></FONT><BR><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times =
New Roman"=20
size=3D-1></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">Schley, W.S. =
=B3Our Navy in=20
Korea: Asiatic Squadron under John Rodgers, 1870-1871.=B2<I> Harper's =
Magazine's=20
Weekly</I> 38 (August 18, 1894): 779-783.<BR> </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">Schley, Winfield =
Scott. =B3Rear=20
Admiral Schley on the Little War of 1871.=B2<I> The Korea Review</I> 5 =
(1905):=20
97-106.<BR> </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">Castel, Albert, =
and Andrew C.=20
Nahm. =B3Our Little War with the Heathen.=B2<I> American Heritage</I> =
19, no. 3=20
(1968): 18-23, 72-75.<BR> <FONT size=3D-1><U> Abstract</U>: A =
little-known=20
event among American historians is the first American conflict with =
Korea, in=20
1871. Korea was the last major Asiatic country which resisted =
Westernization=20
and was thus called the "Hermit Kingdom." Following the destruction of =
an=20
American merchant vessel on the Taedong River, the United States =
dispatched=20
Frederick Ferdinand Low, U.S. minister to China, and Rear Admiral John =
Rodgers=20
to Korea with 1,230 fighting men. The American fleet sailed to Korea =
and up=20
the Han River. As the flotilla passed fortified positions on Kanghoa =
Island,=20
they were fired on by 200 cannon. Admiral Rodgers then landed 650 men, =
destroyed the island fortifications, and captured Kanghoa's principal =
fort=20
after violent combat. Inadequate military reserves forced American =
withdrawal.=20
It would be another decade before the United States would conclude a =
treaty of=20
commercial reciprocity with Korea. Based on primary and secondary =
sources;=20
photos.<BR>J. D. Born, Jr.<BR>[Copyright =A9: ABC-CLIO,=20
Ltd.]</FONT></FONT><BR><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman"=20
size=3D-1></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">Kim, David =
Hongkee. =B3Americans=20
in Korea: The Background of the Shufeldt Treaty: 1866 to 1882.=B2 =
Ph.D. diss.,=20
Georgetown University, 1983.<BR> <FONT size=3D-1><U> =
Abstract</U>: This=20
background study of the origins of United States-Korean relations, =
from the=20
beginnings of American involvement in Korea in 1866 to the signing of =
the=20
Shufeldt Treaty in 1882, places the role Americans and their activity =
in=20
"opening" Korea within the context of a shifting pattern of East Asian =
international relations. While presenting Korea's desire to preserve =
its=20
seclusion and the principal tenets of its traditional foreign policy =
of sadae=20
chui with China and kyorin with Japan, it also investigates the =
continuous=20
external pressure Korea faced from the leading Western powers as well =
as the=20
basic character of Sino-Japanese rivalry over Korea. During the period =
1866 to=20
1882, the purpose of the United States remained the same: to effect a =
treaty=20
which would protect mariners and promote commerce. However, the =
methods for=20
achieving this treaty shifted through three stages: (1) from 1866 to =
1868,=20
which dealt with the search for the General Sherman and a treaty =
through=20
Chinese cooperation; (2) from 1870 to 1871, which sought direct =
contact with=20
the Korean government and used force in an attempt to resolve the =
issue; and=20
(3) from 1880 to 1882, which relied on diplomacy and sought first the =
"good=20
offices" of Japan and then of China. In the final analysis, the United =
States's policy toward Korea could not proceed solely from American=20
initiative. It was inextricably bound up with the changing network of=20
international relations linking Korea with China and Japan. Research =
for this=20
study required Chinese, Japanese, Korean, French, and American =
sources. It was=20
done with the idea of attempting to study American diplomatic history =
in=20
conjunction with the histories of other countries and their=20
inter-relationships.</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D-1>[UMI =
accession no.:=20
AAC 8425177. The dissertation citation and abstract contained in this =
record=20
is published with permission of Bell & Howell Information and =
Learning=20
Company. Further reproduction is prohibited without =
permission.]</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3D"Times New Roman"><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">Kolb, Richard K. =
=B3Tiger Hunt=20
in Korea.=B2<I> VFW, Veterans of Foreign Wars Magazine</I> 77, no. 7 =
(March=20
1990): 16-18.<BR> <FONT size=3D-1><U> Abstract</U>: The 1871 =
weekend war in=20
Korea, where the fierce "Tiger Hunt" defended the Hermit Kingdom, thus =
earning=20
the respect of US marines and sailors, is =
chronicled.</FONT></FONT><BR><FONT=20
color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D-1></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">Leary, William M., =
Jr. =B3Our=20
Other War in Korea.=B2<I> U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings</I> 94, no. =
6 (1968):=20
46-53.<BR> <FONT size=3D-1><U> Abstract</U>: Describes the =
punitive=20
amphibious assault on the Kingdom of Korea in 1871. In 1866, as a =
result of=20
allegedly provocative actions, the crew of an American schooner had =
been=20
killed in the closed Kingdom of Korea. Upon the recommendation of the =
American=20
Consul General in Shanghai, the American Minister to China, Frederick=20
Ferdinand Low (1828-94), was instructed in 1870 to secure from the =
Koreans=20
promises of "protection and good treatment" of American sailors. Rear =
Admiral=20
John Rodgers (1812-82) received orders to support the Low mission with =
"a=20
display of force adequate to support the dignity of this government." =
As the=20
American squadron proceeded up the channel toward Seoul in 1871, =
Korean forts=20
took the ships under fire. Messages from the government of Yi Haung, =
the=20
Taewon-gun, indicated that the Koreans desired no friendly relations =
with=20
foreigners. Low and Rodgers decided an amphibious assault on the forts =
to=20
"vindicate the honor of the flag," In the ensuing action 3 Americans =
and 243=20
Koreans died. The forts were demolished; the naval squadron remained =
for a=20
short while, awaiting overtures from the Korean king which never came. =
Japan,=20
not the U.S., would open the Hermit Kingdom a few years later, paving =
the way=20
for a treaty with the United States in 1882.<BR>W. C. =
Frank<BR>[Copyright =A9:=20
ABC-CLIO, Ltd.]</FONT></FONT><BR><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times =
New Roman"=20
size=3D-1></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">Peake, Louis A. =
=B3The United=20
States 'Weekend War' with Korea.=B2<I> Military Collector and =
Historian</I> 33,=20
no. 1 (1981): 13-17.<BR> <FONT size=3D-1><U> Abstract</U>: =
Relates the=20
circumstances, military leaders, and actions of the so-called Weekend =
War=20
between the United States and Korea in 1871, intended to open up Korea =
to the=20
western world and to gather information about the destruction of the =
American=20
schooner, General Sherman, in 1866 by the Koreans.<BR>[Copyright =A9: =
ABC-CLIO,=20
Ltd.]</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman" =
size=3D-1><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">Tyson, Carolyn =
A.<I> Marine=20
Amphibious Landing in Korea, 1871</I>. A Naval Historical Foundation=20
publication: ser. 2, no. 5. Washington: Naval Historical Foundation,=20
1966.<BR> <FONT size=3D-1><U> Location</U>: CLAG Los =
Angeles=20
Public Library<BR> NYCX Cornell=20
University<BR><BR></FONT>Werstein, Irving.<I> The Trespassers: Korea, =
June=20
1871</I>. New York: Dutton, 1969.<BR> <FONT size=3D-1><U> Call =
No.</U>:=20
E183.8.K7 W4 1969</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New =
Roman"> </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">Winkler, Robin L. =
=B3Korea:=20
American Intervention, 1866-1871.=B2 M.A. thesis, Columbia University, =
1949.<BR> </FONT></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>
------=_NextPart_000_0052_01BFC275.6AC1A120--
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
More information about the Koreanstudies
mailing list