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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Dear Frank,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT
face=Arial size=2>In April 1941, the founder of the Marxist
Socio-economic school of historiography, Paek Nam-un, gave a public lecture
titled "The Morality of Regulated Economy". One section of his lecture was
titled "T'ongje-Ui chuch'e-wa sinch'eje-Ui sOngkkyOk" [The Subject
of Control and the Nature of the New System]. There Paek argued that
Korea [uri kukch'e] must become a subject [chuch'e] of the new Japanese economic
control and therefore help the Japanese people [ilbon kungmin] fulfill the
Emperor's policy on the creation of the country's invincible might [kUmgu
mugyOl]. </FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT
face=Arial size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT
face=Arial size=2>We can see that in this piece the word "chuch'e" was
used in its original meaning -- "subject" -- albeit a little bit broadened
by the fascism-tilting author. </FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT
face=Arial size=2></FONT></SPAN> </DIV>
<DIV><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT
face=Arial size=2>This lecture was given at the Keijo Daiwa Hall, the usual
venue for “patriotic” events held in the Japanese-occupied
Seoul.</FONT></SPAN><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" name=_ftnref1
href="mhtml:mid://00000047/#_ftn1"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-special-character: footnote"><FONT
face=Arial>[1]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT
face=Arial size=2> Paek also argued for successful creation of the
Japan-Manchuria-China bloc in East Asia as was suggested by the “Eight Corners
under One Roof” [hakko ichiu] motto. He also compared the merits of Japanese
economic system (which he unequivocally called “our national economy”) with that
of Germany and Italy. Paek claimed that, from the moral point of view,
the Japanese economic model, based on the Imperial system, was far more advanced
than those implemented by some “prominent leaders” in Europe.</FONT></SPAN><A
title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" name=_ftnref2
href="mhtml:mid://00000047/#_ftn2"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt"><SPAN
style="mso-special-character: footnote"><FONT
face=Arial>[2]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT
face=Arial size=2> Despite the timid criticism of over-regulation and rising
prices, Paek called upon his countrymen to mobilize all national resources and
prepare themselves for the extremes of wartime economy. </FONT></SPAN><BR
clear=all><FONT face=Arial size=2>
<HR align=left width="33%" SIZE=1>
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV style="mso-element: footnote-list">
<DIV id=ftn1 style="mso-element: footnote">
<P class=MsoFootnoteText><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" name=_ftn1
href="mhtml:mid://00000047/#_ftnref1"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN
style="mso-special-character: footnote"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>[1]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT face=Arial size=2> Paek Nam-un, ‘Tōsei
Keizai-no Rinrisei’ [The Morality of Regulated Economy], Tōyō-no Hikari, (June
1942), No. 4-6. </FONT></P></DIV>
<DIV id=ftn2 style="mso-element: footnote">
<P class=MsoFootnoteText><A title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2" name=_ftn2
href="mhtml:mid://00000047/#_ftnref2"><SPAN class=MsoFootnoteReference><SPAN
style="mso-special-character: footnote"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>[2]</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></A><FONT face=Arial size=2> Paek Nam-un,
‘T’ongje KyOngje-Ui YullisOng’ [The Morality of Regulated Economy], Ha Il-sik,
trans., Hwip’yOn. Paek Nam-un ChOnjip 4., Seoul: Iron-gwa Silch’On, 1991,
pp.282-284.</FONT></P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>
<DIV><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT
face=Arial size=2>With best regards,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV></FONT><FONT face=Arial size=2><BR>LEONID A.
PETROV </DIV></DIV>
<DIV>Division of Pacific and Asian History<BR>Research School of Pacific and
Asian Studies <BR>The Australian National
University<BR>****************************************<BR>Mob:
+61-403076604<BR>Tel: +61(2) 6125 3172 (office) <BR>Fax:
+61(2) 6125 5525 (office)<BR>E-mail: <A
href="mailto:petrov@coombs.anu.edu.au">petrov@coombs.anu.edu.au</A><BR>WWW: <A
href="http://north-korea.narod.ru">http://north-korea.narod.ru</A></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>----- Original Message ----- </FONT>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>From: "Ruediger Frank" <</FONT><A
href="mailto:rfrank@eplus-online.de"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>rfrank@eplus-online.de</FONT></A><FONT face=Arial
size=2>></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>To: <</FONT><A
href="mailto:Koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>Koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws</FONT></A><FONT face=Arial
size=2>></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Sent: Friday, February 08, 2002 8:03
PM</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Subject: [KS] Chuch'e</FONT></DIV></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial><BR><FONT size=2></FONT></FONT></DIV><FONT face=Arial
size=2>> Dear list,<BR>> <BR>> I am currently writing an article on the
political system of North Korea <BR>> for a German university textbook.
Needless to say that in the course of <BR>> this work I have to deal with the
term Chuch'e.<BR>> <BR>> As far as I remember having heard, a
philosophical term called Shutaisei <BR>> (Chuch'esOng) has already been used
by the Japanese in the 1920s, long <BR>> before Kim Il-sOng introduced
Chuch'e in his speech to the propagandists of <BR>> the Nodongdang on
December 28, 1955. Is that correct? And if yes, in which <BR>> context has it
been used before?<BR>> <BR>> Thanks a lot for your help.<BR>> <BR>>
Best regards,<BR>> <BR>> Ruediger Frank<BR>>
***********************<BR>> Ruediger FRANK<BR>> Humboldt-University
Berlin<BR>> Korea Institute<BR>> Fon: +49-30-55 99 878<BR>> Fax:
+49-30-2093-6666<BR>> e-mail: </FONT><A
href="mailto:ruediger.frank@rz.hu-berlin.de"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>ruediger.frank@rz.hu-berlin.de</FONT></A><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>>
Web: </FONT><A href="http://www2.hu-berlin.de/korea"><FONT face=Arial
size=2>http://www2.hu-berlin.de/korea</FONT></A><BR><FONT face=Arial size=2>>
***********************<BR>> <BR>> <BR>> </FONT></BODY></HTML>