<html><div style='background-color:'><DIV class=RTE><FONT face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size=3>Dear All, </FONT></DIV>
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<DIV class=RTE><FONT face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size=3>I'm interested in the different terms that are commonly translated as "revolution" in English. What is the qualitative difference between the Korean terms "º¯Çõ" (<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">pyônhyôk) and </SPAN></FONT><FONT face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size=3>Çõ¸í (<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">hyôngmyông)? Is the usual convention to translate them both as "revolution"? I ask this because many left groups and social movements in Korea use "º¯Çõ" (<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY:
'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">pyônhyôk) and differentiate it from °³Çõ (<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">kaehyôk) or </SPAN>°³·® (<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">kaelyang)</SPAN> meaning </SPAN></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=RTE><FONT face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">reform (negatively, as in reformism). Though I think that the English term "revolution" is a little too strong to express what is meant by the term "º¯Çõ" (<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">pyônhyôk). </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=RTE><FONT face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Any help with the historical usage of this term or the correct translation if there is one would be appreciated.</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=RTE><FONT face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"></SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT> </DIV>
<DIV class=RTE><FONT face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Best, </SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=RTE><FONT face="Times New Roman, Times, Serif" size=3><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Kevin Gray.</SPAN></SPAN></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
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