<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><HTML><BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff"><FONT BACK="#ffffff" style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ffffff" SIZE=3 PTSIZE=12 FAMILY="SERIF" FACE="Times New Roman" LANG="0">Many thanks to Frank for this fascinating glimpse<BR>
of a world of which I for one am far too ignorant.<BR>
<BR>
Besides tracking down primary sources, for the wider public<BR>
- and those of us who to our shame are linguistically challenged<BR>
- does there exist in English an uptodate book, or books, which<BR>
gives a comprehensive and trustworthy overview of the many<BR>
currents of Korean resistance and oppositional movements?<BR>
<BR>
-- Especially to Japanese occupation. But at least in the ROK, one<BR>
could and probably should extend it at least to 1953 - and maybe<BR>
right through to the present day?<BR>
<BR>
Particularly, I'm fascinated by those strands - eg anarchist or Trotskyite - <BR>
for whom Liberation did not end the struggle, since neither the ROK nor<BR>
DPRK meant or permitted their kind of freedom. Were they ever numerous?<BR>
- or just a few intellectuals, swiftly suppressed on both sides of the 38//-DMZ?<BR>
<BR>
The news - to me, anyway - that Korean anarchism is now being recovered<BR>
in Taegu, of all places, raises a further question. While that may be a purely<BR>
academic exercise (is it?), I've often wondered whether more recent leftisms<BR>
in Korea - above all the 386 Marxist turn of the 1980s, and its internal splits<BR>
into NL and ML factions, etc - had any organic connection to earlier movements?<BR>
Or did they spring up anew in fresh soil, as if from nowhere?<BR>
<BR>
My hunch is the latter. Not only because the earlier struggles were (I assume)<BR>
so thoroughly crushed that it would be hard for the 386ers to know of them.<BR>
But also these new Lefts, from the little I know, seemed to adopt cruder and<BR>
frankly implausible standpoints - either pro-NK, or Leninist revolution -<BR>
compared to my sense of more nuanced, thoughtful and original analyses in<BR>
earlier decades. In the 1980s South Korea seemed a late-Marxizing country,<BR>
with most of its far left ideological discourse sounding like ill-fitting imports<BR>
- at the very time when such blinkers were largely being discarded elsewhere.<BR>
<BR>
But this may be a jaundiced view. Is there even a full account of ML vs NL<BR>
- I realize that even this way of putting it is oversimplified, and perhaps wrong -<BR>
in English, including their own texts? Surely there must have been PhDs on <BR>
all this by now; some perhaps by (ex-)participants? I'd love to know.<BR>
<BR>
Of course, thanks to Google we can all practise self-reliance now. I swiftly found:<BR>
<BR>
http://flag.blackened.net/revolt/talks/korea.html<BR>
http://www.mashada.com/forums/index.php?az=printer_friendly&forum=22&topic_id=32859<BR>
(a Kenyan revolutionary learning admiringly from his Korean comrades)<BR>
<BR>
But a full, neutral, authoritative account(s) would be better.<BR>
I humbly request enlighenment, or at least guidance.<BR>
<BR>
Fraternally,<BR>
Aidan<BR>
<BR>
AIDAN FOSTER-CARTER<BR>
Honorary Senior Research Fellow in Sociology & Modern Korea, Leeds University <BR>
Home address: 17 Birklands Road, Shipley, West Yorkshire, BD18 3BY, UK <BR>
tel: +44(0) 1274 588586 (alt) +44(0) 1264 737634 mobile: +44(0) 7970 741307 <BR>
fax: +44(0) 1274 773663 ISDN: +44(0) 1274 589280<BR>
Email: afostercarter@aol.com (alt) afostercarter@yahoo.com website: www.aidanfc.net<BR>
[Please use @aol; but if any problems, please try @yahoo too - and let me know, so I can chide AOL]<BR>
<BR>
___________________<BR>
<BR>
In a message dated 13/09/2006 01:55:39 GMT Standard Time, frank@koreaweb.ws writes:<BR>
<BR>
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<BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE style="BORDER-LEFT: #0000ff 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px">Subj:<B>Re: [KS] About Park Ryol </B><BR>
Date:13/09/2006 01:55:39 GMT Standard Time<BR>
From:<A HREF="mailto:frank@koreaweb.ws">frank@koreaweb.ws</A><BR>
Reply-to:<A HREF="mailto:koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws">koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws</A><BR>
To:<A HREF="mailto:koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws">koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws</A><BR>
<I>Sent from the Internet </I><BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
Park Rrrrryol, that doesn't exactly conform with <BR>
the Republican transcription system, does it? You <BR>
can take the term t'ujaeng quite literally, <BR>
meaning combat, fight -- used to refer to fights <BR>
with military means, or later, in mainland China, <BR>
also to ideological struggle (e.g. against <BR>
political enemies within). You will find many <BR>
Communist leaflets from the 1930s and 1940s with <BR>
"t'ujaeng" in the title, and there are even a <BR>
couple of "Bloody Struggle Histories of ..." the <BR>
anti-Japanese movement that were published in <BR>
South Korea between 1945 and 1949. After that the <BR>
term has rarely been used in the South, but <BR>
continued to be in high regard in the North and <BR>
in Mao's China. Although I would not associate <BR>
the term to Hitler's book. "Kampf" may well be <BR>
translated as "t'ujaeng," that seems a good <BR>
choice, in this case. Then again, "Kampf" is a <BR>
much more neutral word in German, not at all as <BR>
defined as "t'ujaeng," and by no means <BR>
necessarily referring to military or militant <BR>
means.<BR>
<BR>
I doubt that Pak Yôl published a text with such <BR>
title, _Naûi t'ujaeng_, at least not in South <BR>
Korea or during the colonial period. The <BR>
anarchist journals and publications that the <BR>
circle around Prof. Ha Ki-rak (I think he passed <BR>
away) is publishing in T'aegu would sure have <BR>
reproduced such text, but I never even saw a <BR>
reference to it. The title would indicate that <BR>
the text, if it exists, was likely published in <BR>
North Korea. Am I wrong? Then again, I doubt it <BR>
is a book -- maybe just a short article. Pak was <BR>
not an intellectual, not a leader either, he <BR>
didn't write much. There are others who did, like <BR>
mentioned Ha Ki-rak or Chông Hwa-am, or Yu <BR>
Cha-myông from the Korean minority in China. Even <BR>
Yu Su-in who was once Ba Jin's Esperanto teacher <BR>
and who returned to North Korea (from China) in <BR>
the 1950s has left a long trace of publications <BR>
in both Chinese and Korean from the 1920s to his <BR>
death. (His grandson once showed me a 5000 pages <BR>
manuscript about the anarchist movement that he <BR>
had written.) Pak, on the other hand, had his day <BR>
of fame when he and his lover Kaneko were picked <BR>
by the Japanese authorities after the Kanto Earth <BR>
Quake to go on trial -- as a representative for <BR>
all Koreans in Japan, and as an indirect <BR>
justification of the massacres that had happened <BR>
in the aftermath of the earth quake.<BR>
<BR>
All there seems to be by Pak Yôl himself are <BR>
poems he wrote in prison, published in the <BR>
popular left-wing magazine _Samchôlli_ (no. 14, <BR>
December 1949) [just saw the reference, haven't <BR>
seen them yet]: "Naûi okchung chap'yông" <BR>
(Miscellaneous poems from my time in jail). The <BR>
term "chap'yông," by the way, seems to be a <BR>
neo-Japonism. I could only find it in a Japanese <BR>
dictionary.<BR>
<BR>
Since you mention Kaneko Fumiko (1903-1926) -- <BR>
her autobiography, written in prison, for the <BR>
trial, as was usual in the Japanese legal system <BR>
at the time, is a full-fleged book (250 pp. in <BR>
English translation). It is an absolutely amazing <BR>
account! Very well written, extremely mature for <BR>
a twenty year old woman, a woman who grew up <BR>
under depressingly poor circumstances in Japan <BR>
and Korea, and as sensitive and politically <BR>
engaging as an autobiography can possibly be.<BR>
--> _The Prison Memoirs of a Japanese Woman_ (ISBN: 0873328027)<BR>
<BR>
Best,<BR>
Frank<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
>I was interested to see that KBS recently <BR>
>prepared a documentary drama about Kaneko <BR>
>Fumiko, the 'lover' of the Korean anarchist Park <BR>
>Yol. I have heard that Park published an account <BR>
>of his activities (I assume after being freed <BR>
>from prison in 1945?) and some give the title as <BR>
>'na ui tujaeng' (the same Korean as Mein <BR>
>Kampf!!!) but I am unable (with my meagre <BR>
>patience) to track this work. Can I ask if <BR>
>anyone knows of it, and where it mmight be <BR>
>found? I would be most grateful.<BR>
><BR>
>Brother Anthony<BR>
>Sogang University, Seoul<BR>
>http://hompi.sogang.ac.kr/anthony/<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
-- <BR>
--------------------------------------<BR>
Frank Hoffmann<BR>
http://koreaweb.ws<BR>
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