Attemtp to equate the return of Syngman Rhee to Korea in 1945 to that of Chalabi to Iraq in 2003 should not go unchallenged. A towering figure among the prominent nationalist leaders both in and abroad, Rhee was welcomed back home by all groups of Koreans in spite of Hodge, not because of him. Many political organizations, including the Korean Communist Party (whehter sincere or not), asked him to lead their groups when he returned. Dedicated to the cause of Korean independence through out his life, he was a genuine nationalist with substantial achievements. To be sure, Rhee did have many short comings as a political leader, i.e., he was more divisive than being a unifier. But he was not a charlatan.<BR> <BR>Yong-ho Choe<BR><BR>----- 원본 메시지 -----<BR>보낸 사람: Bruce Cumings <rufus88@uchicago.edu><BR>날짜: 2008년 4월 19일，토요일, 오전 5:24<BR>제목: Re: [KS] Koreanstudies Digest, Vol 58, Issue 18<BR>받는 사람: koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws<BR><BR>> Regarding Tim Savage's contribution, it seems we had two <BR>> conflicts in <BR>> 1945: OSS in Washington vs. OSS in China, which had been going <BR>> on for <BR>> some time (Wild Bill Donovan had contempt for OSS/China, which, <BR>> like <BR>> Chiang Kai-shek, never seemed to be doing much against the <BR>> enemy <BR>> Japanese); and OSS vs. State, which was also a deep conflict, <BR>> but in <BR>> the case of Rhee took the form of Goodfellow vs. State. I <BR>> know <BR>> Donovan was critical of Goodfellow's ersatz schemes, again <BR>> because <BR>> they amounted to so little, but I never saw hard evidence that <BR>> he <BR>> opposed Goodfellow's operation to return Rhee to Seoul. Nor do <BR>> I <BR>> understand how that could happen, given that Goodfellow was <BR>> his <BR>> deputy and Donovan was the OSS director, and it would be <BR>> rank <BR>> insubordination.<BR>> <BR>> Regarding Sun Joo Kim's contribution, I read Chang Chun-ha's <BR>> account <BR>> many years ago and also spoke with Kim Jun-yop about it, but I <BR>> was <BR>> talking about OSS classified documentation, which Koreans and <BR>> Chinese <BR>> could not see--and I never found any.<BR>> <BR>> Bruce Cumings<BR>> <BR>> <BR>> <BR>> On Apr 18, 2008, at 12:00 PM, koreanstudies-request@koreaweb.ws wrote:<BR>> <BR>> > Send Koreanstudies mailing list submissions to<BR>> > koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws<BR>> ><BR>> > To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit<BR>> > http://koreaweb.ws/mailman/listinfo/koreanstudies_koreaweb.ws<BR>> > or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to<BR>> > koreanstudies-request@koreaweb.ws<BR>> ><BR>> > You can reach the person managing the list at<BR>> > koreanstudies-owner@koreaweb.ws<BR>> ><BR>> > When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific<BR>> > than "Re: Contents of Koreanstudies digest..."<BR>> ><BR>> ><BR>> > <<------------ KoreanStudies mailing list DIGEST --------<BR>> ---->><BR>> ><BR>> ><BR>> > Today's Topics:<BR>> ><BR>> > 1. Re: Koreanstudies Digest, Vol 58, Issue <BR>> 15 (Sunjoo Kim)<BR>> ><BR>> ><BR>> > ---------------------------------------------------------------<BR>> -------<BR>> ><BR>> > Message: 1<BR>> > Date: Fri, 18 Apr 2008 06:57:20 -0700<BR>> > From: "Sunjoo Kim" <sunjookim1@hotmail.com><BR>> > Subject: Re: [KS] Koreanstudies Digest, Vol 58, Issue 15<BR>> > To: koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws<BR>> > Message-ID: <BAY118-F395A0AF55287C44295EE2493E40@phx.gbl><BR>> > Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed<BR>> ><BR>> > Dear Bruce and all,<BR>> ><BR>> > "The OSS in China, led by Milton Miles and always working <BR>> closely with<BR>> > Chiang Kai-shek's secret service under the notorious Tai Li, <BR>> also <BR>> > tried to<BR>> > bring Yi Pom-sok (known to Americans as Bum Suck Lee) <BR>> into Korea from<BR>> > Shanghai in August 1945; it is documented that they did <BR>> so, but <BR>> > for reasons<BR>> > I have never seen explained, after a short time the <BR>> plane turned <BR>> > around and<BR>> > took him back out."<BR>> ><BR>> > Both Kim Chun-yOp and Chang Chun-ha, who accompanied Yi POm-<BR>> sOk at <BR>> > the time,<BR>> > left details in their autobiography on this dramatic story and <BR>> the <BR>> > reasons<BR>> > why the plane that landed on YOUi-do on August 18, 1945 <BR>> (accroding <BR>> > to Kim)<BR>> > but was forced to fly back to China the next day. See:<BR>> ><BR>> > Kim Chun-yOp, _ChangjOng 2: Na Ui Kwangbokkun sijOl, ha_ <BR>> (Nanam <BR>> > ch'ulp'ansa,<BR>> > 1989; 2003): 234-252.<BR>> > Chang Chun-ha, _Tolbegae_ (Segyesa, 1992; 2005): 299-316.<BR>> ><BR>> > Sun Joo Kim<BR>> ><BR>> ><BR>> ><BR>> ><BR>> > ----Original Message Follows----<BR>> > From: Bruce Cumings <rufus88@uchicago.edu><BR>> > Reply-To: Korean Studies Discussion List <BR>> <koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws>> To: koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws<BR>> > Subject: Re: [KS] Koreanstudies Digest, Vol 58, Issue 15<BR>> > Date: Thu, 17 Apr 2008 12:28:03 -0500<BR>> ><BR>> > In re: Doc Rock's story, it is well documented that <BR>> Preston <BR>> > Goodfellow,<BR>> > Deputy Director of the OSS, arranged for Rhee to be sent <BR>> back <BR>> > first to<BR>> > Tokyo to meet Gen. Macrthur, and thence to Korea on <BR>> MacArthur's <BR>> > personal<BR>> > plane, the Bataan, arriving October 16. The State <BR>> Department <BR>> > objected to<BR>> > this and indeed had objected for years to Rhee's claim <BR>> to <BR>> > represent an<BR>> > exile government; this smuggling of Rhee back into Korea <BR>> (there <BR>> > was no<BR>> > commercial air traffic into Kimp'o) was done over <BR>> State's strong<BR>> > objections. Rhee was then welcomed in Seoul by Gen. <BR>> Hodge, who <BR>> > quickly<BR>> > worked up a welcoming ceremony for "UN troops" on <BR>> October 20, in <BR>> > which Rhee<BR>> > was the featured speaker--thus suggesting that Rhee was <BR>> the <BR>> > American man in<BR>> > Seoul (a Chalabi, as it were). Goodfellow had told <BR>> Hodge that <BR>> > Rhee had<BR>> > "more of the American point of view." Within months Hodge grew <BR>> to <BR>> > hate<BR>> > Rhee, but there is no question that this early American <BR>> support <BR>> > greatly<BR>> > helped Rhee consolidate his power.<BR>> ><BR>> > The OSS in China, led by Milton Miles and always working <BR>> closely with<BR>> > Chiang Kai-shek's secret service under the notorious Tai Li, <BR>> also <BR>> > tried to<BR>> > bring Yi Pom-sok (known to Americans as Bum Suck Lee) <BR>> into Korea from<BR>> > Shanghai in August 1945; it is documented that they did <BR>> so, but <BR>> > for reasons<BR>> > I have never seen explained, after a short time the <BR>> plane turned <BR>> > around and<BR>> > took him back out. This may be the story Doc Rock has <BR>> heard. Yi, <BR>> > who was<BR>> > quite close to Chiang, came back to Korea and by mid-<BR>> 1946 had a <BR>> > youth group<BR>> > (Korean National Youth) modeled on Chiang's "Blue <BR>> Shirts" (the KNY <BR>> > wore<BR>> > blue, too). Blue was the chosen color in the 1930s <BR>> because black<BR>> > (Mussolini), brown (Hitler) and green (Brazilian <BR>> dictator) were <BR>> > already<BR>> > taken. Lee was defense minister in the 1948 ROK government.<BR>> ><BR>> > Bruce Cumings<BR>> ><BR>> ><BR>> > On Apr 17, 2008, at 11:00 AM, koreanstudies-<BR>> request@koreaweb.ws wrote:<BR>> ><BR>> >> Send Koreanstudies mailing list submissions to<BR>> >> koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws<BR>> >><BR>> >> To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit<BR>> >> http://koreaweb.ws/mailman/listinfo/koreanstudies_koreaweb.ws<BR>> >> or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to<BR>> >> koreanstudies-request@koreaweb.ws<BR>> >><BR>> >> You can reach the person managing the list at<BR>> >> koreanstudies-owner@koreaweb.ws<BR>> >><BR>> >> When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific<BR>> >> than "Re: Contents of Koreanstudies digest..."<BR>> >><BR>> >><BR>> >> <<------------ KoreanStudies mailing list DIGEST -------<BR>> ----->><BR>> >><BR>> >><BR>> >> Today's Topics:<BR>> >><BR>> >> 1. Freedom Fighter and member of the <BR>> Shanghai Provisional<BR>> >> Government (Reggi Lee)<BR>> >> 2. Re: Shanghai Provisional Gov't (Michael <BR>> Robinson)>><BR>> >><BR>> >> --------------------------------------------------------------<BR>> ------- <BR>> >> -<BR>> >><BR>> >> Message: 1<BR>> >> Date: Thu, 17 Apr 2008 23:24:00 +0900<BR>> >> From: "Reggi Lee" <reggilee@gmail.com><BR>> >> Subject: [KS] Freedom Fighter and member of the Shanghai <BR>> Provisional>> Government<BR>> >> To: "Korean Studies Discussion List" <koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws><BR>> >> Message-ID:<BR>> >> <8b930470804170724g135faea5jac98a0d6cccacb20@mail.gmail.com><BR>> >> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"<BR>> >><BR>> >> Dear members,<BR>> >><BR>> >> I was wondering if anyone might have heard of a Korean <BR>> Freedom <BR>> >> Fighter and<BR>> >> member of the Shanghai Provisional Government (SPG) by the <BR>> name <BR>> >> of LEE,<BR>> >> Jung-? (surname LEE); he went by various aliases including:<BR>> >><BR>> >> (in his younger days)<BR>> >> - HONG, Pa<BR>> >> - LEE, Hyup<BR>> >><BR>> >> and finally,<BR>> >><BR>> >> - LEE, Chang-il (which later became his legal name and <BR>> was <BR>> >> registered in<BR>> >> his<BR>> >> "ho-juk doong-bun")<BR>> >><BR>> >> He was from the "HyoRyung Dae-gun" clan, and his father was <BR>> an <BR>> >> individual<BR>> >> by<BR>> >> the name of LEE, DalJae.<BR>> >><BR>> >> I have heard that there was in existence (current <BR>> whereabouts <BR>> >> unknown), an<BR>> >> old photo of him as a young man sitting in the front row (on <BR>> the <BR>> >> right I<BR>> >> believe, with hair neatly parted to one side) in front of <BR>> the <BR>> >> executive<BR>> >> members of the SPG, including KIM, Ku, RHEE, SungMan, <BR>> etc. As far as<BR>> >> distinguishing features, he had a small mole (birth mark) <BR>> next to <BR>> >> his left<BR>> >> upper lip.<BR>> >><BR>> >> There a story that he was sent on a secret mission to Japan <BR>> by <BR>> >> the SPG<BR>> >> (for<BR>> >> reasons unknown), but on his boat journey over, the Japanese police<BR>> >> decided<BR>> >> to search passengers and check IDs. Consequently, he <BR>> was forced to<BR>> >> discard<BR>> >> his belongings and abandon his mission. Once in Japan <BR>> however, he<BR>> >> eventually met with his future wife, SUNG, SoAh, bore <BR>> two <BR>> >> daughters and<BR>> >> two<BR>> >> sons, and later moved back to Korea before the outbreak of the<BR>> >> Korean War. At the beginning of the war, he was <BR>> abducted by the <BR>> >> North<BR>> >> Koreans and presumably executed. If still alive, he <BR>> would be <BR>> >> past 100<BR>> >> years<BR>> >> of age.<BR>> >><BR>> >> Any information would be appreciated. Thanks in advance <BR>> for your<BR>> >> consideration,<BR>> >><BR>> >> --<BR>> >> Reginald J. Lee<BR>> >> Hanyang University<BR>> >> Tel: 82-2-2220-1215<BR>> >> Fax: 82-2-2291-4739<BR>> >> -------------- next part --------------<BR>> >> An HTML attachment was scrubbed...<BR>> >> URL: http://koreaweb.ws/pipermail/koreanstudies_koreaweb.ws/<BR>> >> attachments/20080417/09c61bd8/attachment-0001.html<BR>> >><BR>> >> ------------------------------<BR>> >><BR>> >> Message: 2<BR>> >> Date: Thu, 17 Apr 2008 10:37:25 -0400<BR>> >> From: "Michael Robinson" <robime@indiana.edu><BR>> >> Subject: Re: [KS] Shanghai Provisional Gov't<BR>> >> To: "Korean Studies Discussion List" <koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws><BR>> >> Message-ID: <001201c8a098$8e6e8520$6500a8c0@Michael><BR>> >> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"<BR>> >><BR>> >> Dear Doc Rock:<BR>> >><BR>> >> Some of us who worked at the Asea munje yon'guso during the <BR>> mid <BR>> >> 1970s were<BR>> >> privileged to know Kim Junyop and he was full of such <BR>> stories. <BR>> >> I've never<BR>> >> done research in this period, but knowing Kim I believe <BR>> his <BR>> >> story. He, of<BR>> >> course, was a far different person than Rhee and with <BR>> much more<BR>> >> progressive politics, Although had he maneuvered his <BR>> way into <BR>> >> power, who<BR>> >> knows what his politics might have been.<BR>> >><BR>> >> Mike R.<BR>> >> ----- Original Message -----<BR>> >> From: Dr. Edward D. Rockstein<BR>> >> To: Korean Studies Discussion List<BR>> >> Sent: Thursday, April 17, 2008 9:58 AM<BR>> >> Subject: Re: [KS] Shanghai Provisional Gov't<BR>> >><BR>> >><BR>> >> Below is a comment (slightly edited) which I <BR>> posted on Frog in <BR>> >> a Well<BR>> >> 15 Mar 2006 and may or may not be of interest:<BR>> >><BR>> >> March 15th, 2006 at 7:20 am<BR>> >><BR>> >> While this is only tangentially related, it may <BR>> be of some <BR>> >> interest: In<BR>> >> 1967 when I was<BR>> >> going to Korea as a Fulbright Fellow from <BR>> Princeton to be <BR>> >> attached to<BR>> >> the Asiatic Research<BR>> >> Center (???s???-?}?x????) at Koryo University, I <BR>> met Kim Jun- <BR>> >> hyop from<BR>> >> the Center, first at<BR>> >> Princeton and later in Seoul. In the course of <BR>> our association <BR>> >> he told<BR>> >> me how he had been<BR>> >> in the Japanese Army in China and deserted to <BR>> join the Korean<BR>> >> government in absentia in<BR>> >> Shanghai. He related an interesting anecdote <BR>> about the end of <BR>> >> the war<BR>> >> in the Pacific:<BR>> >> apparently there was a race on between the State <BR>> Department, on <BR>> >> one<BR>> >> hand, and the OSS to gain control in Seoul as the Japanese <BR>> were <BR>> >> forced to<BR>> >> withdraw. According to Kim (and my<BR>> >> fading memory), the OSS loaded up its guys, <BR>> including Kim, onto an<BR>> >> airplane and flew them to (I believe) Kimp??o to try to set <BR>> up a new<BR>> >> government while State was hustling Syngman Rhee and his <BR>> cohort <BR>> >> off from<BR>> >> Hawaii. The OSS timing, apparently, was a bit <BR>> premature, and the <BR>> >> aircraft<BR>> >> arrived at Kimp??o before the turnover by the Japanese, <BR>> the plane <BR>> >> was not<BR>> >> permitted to land. In the interim, the turnover took <BR>> place, Rhee <BR>> >> came into<BR>> >> power and, the rest, as they say, was history. I <BR>> wonder if <BR>> >> anyone has<BR>> >> corroborating or different information on such a race <BR>> for control of<BR>> >> post-occupation Korea?<BR>> >><BR>> >> Regards,<BR>> >> Doc Rock<BR>> >><BR>> >><BR>> >><BR>> >><BR>> >> Dr. Edward D. Rockstein<BR>> >> Senior Language Instructor<BR>> >> Language Learning Center (LLC)<BR>> >> Office 410-859-5672<BR>> >> Fax 410-859-5737<BR>> >> ed4linda@yahoo.com<BR>> >><BR>> >> "I would rather be exposed to the inconveniences <BR>> attending too <BR>> >> much<BR>> >> liberty than to those attending too small a degree of <BR>> it. " Thomas<BR>> >> Jefferson<BR>> >><BR>> >><BR>> >> --------------------------------------------------------------<BR>> ------- <BR>> >> -<BR>> >> --------<BR>> >> Be a better friend, newshound, and know-it-all <BR>> with Yahoo! <BR>> >> Mobile. Try<BR>> >> it now.<BR>> >> -------------- next part --------------<BR>> >> An HTML attachment was scrubbed...<BR>> >> URL: http://koreaweb.ws/pipermail/koreanstudies_koreaweb.ws/<BR>> >> attachments/20080417/2239474f/attachment-0001.html<BR>> >><BR>> >> End of Koreanstudies Digest, Vol 58, Issue 15<BR>> >> *********************************************<BR>> ><BR>> ><BR>> ><BR>> ><BR>> ><BR>> > End of Koreanstudies Digest, Vol 58, Issue 18<BR>> > *********************************************<BR>> <BR>>