<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" ><tr><td valign="top" style="font: inherit;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;

text-autospace:ideograph-numeric ideograph-other;word-break:keep-all"><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#444444" face="'Times New Roman', serif" size="4"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;

text-autospace:ideograph-numeric ideograph-other;word-break:keep-all"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";

mso-fareast-font-family:"맑은 고딕";mso-font-kerning:0pt">The term <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Cheonju</i> (C. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:

normal">Tianzhu </i>and not <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Tianju</i>)

is nowadays considered as exclusively Catholic, but one should keep in mind

that it has Buddhist (and, I read somewhere, Taoist) origin, since it refers to

a Buddhist divinity. For this reason, European missionaries in China proposed

to remove this term from the Chinese Catholic terminology on two occasions, the

first time in 1627 and the second at the end of the 19th century (I forgot the

exact date).<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;

text-autospace:ideograph-numeric ideograph-other;word-break:keep-all"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";

mso-fareast-font-family:"맑은 고딕";mso-font-kerning:0pt">But this Buddhist origin

of the term <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">tianzhu</i> also let some

less cultivated missionaries to think that Christianity had a long history in

China … since <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">tianzhu</i> appeared in

some Buddhist temples.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;

text-autospace:ideograph-numeric ideograph-other;word-break:keep-all"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";

mso-fareast-font-family:"맑은 고딕";mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;

text-autospace:ideograph-numeric ideograph-other;word-break:keep-all"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";

mso-fareast-font-family:"맑은 고딕";mso-font-kerning:0pt">Regarding the two last

terms, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">ch’eondang </i>(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">tiantang</i>)<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:

normal"> </i>ang <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">chiok</i> (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">diyu</i>), keep also in mind that they were

used in antichristian texts of the 18th and 19th centuries China and Korea in

order to show that Catholicism was nothing but a heterodox teaching similar to

Buddhism (or an avatar of Buddhism). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Tiantang

</i>and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">diyu </i>were of course Buddhist

terms as well.<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;

text-autospace:ideograph-numeric ideograph-other;word-break:keep-all"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";

mso-fareast-font-family:"맑은 고딕";mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;

text-autospace:ideograph-numeric ideograph-other;word-break:keep-all"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";

mso-fareast-font-family:"맑은 고딕";mso-font-kerning:0pt">Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;

text-autospace:ideograph-numeric ideograph-other;word-break:keep-all"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";

mso-fareast-font-family:"맑은 고딕";mso-font-kerning:0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>

<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align:left;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;

text-autospace:ideograph-numeric ideograph-other;word-break:keep-all"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";

mso-fareast-font-family:"맑은 고딕";mso-font-kerning:0pt">Pierre-Emmanuel Roux<o:p></o:p></span></p></span></font></p><br>--- <b>10/1/16 (토)에 Kwang On Yoo <i><lovehankook@gmail.com></i></b>님이 쓰신 메시지:<br><blockquote style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16, 255); margin-left: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"><br>보낸 사람: Kwang On Yoo <lovehankook@gmail.com><br>제목: Re: [KS] Exclusively(?) Catholic terms in pre-20th c. Chinese and Korean texts<br>받는 사람: "Korean Studies Discussion List" <koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws><br>날짜: 2010년 1월 16일 (토요일) 오전 11:29<br><br><div id="yiv896026689">Dear Debererniere Janet Torrey,<br><br>Yes, <span style="font-size:12pt;" lang="EN-US">Cheonju (C. </span><span style="font-size:12pt;">Tianju 天主</span><span style="font-size:12pt;" lang="EN-US">) is one of the exclusive Catholic </span>Terms but other <br>

4 are nothing but common nouns.<br><br>Regards,<br><br>Kwang-On Yoo<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Fri, Jan 15, 2010 at 2:33 PM, DEBERNIERE JANET TORREY <span dir="ltr"><<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:djt188@psu.edu" target="_blank" href="/mc/compose?to=djt188@psu.edu">djt188@psu.edu</a>></span> wrote:<br>

<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="border-left:1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);margin:0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex;padding-left:1ex;"><div>Dear Members,<br><br>In a 2002 book on Korean Literature and the early

Catholic movement (<span style="font-style:italic;">Hanguk Munhak gwa

Cheonjugyo</span>), Kim Inseop states that the following terms were exclusively

Catholic:<br><br><span style="font-size:12pt;" lang="EN-US">Cheonju (C. </span><span style="font-size:12pt;">Tianju 天主</span><span style="font-size:12pt;" lang="EN-US">), <i><br>

yeonghon</i>  for soul (C.

<i>linghun</i> </span><span style="font-size:12pt;">靈魂</span><span style="font-size:12pt;" lang="EN-US">)<br><i>bulmyeol</i> for immortality (C. <i>bumie</i> </span><span style="font-size:12pt;">不滅</span><span style="font-size:12pt;" lang="EN-US">)<br>

 <i>ji-ok</i> for hell

(C. <i>di’yu</i> </span><span style="font-size:12pt;">地獄</span><span style="font-size:12pt;" lang="EN-US">)<br><i>cheondang</i> for heaven (C. <i>tiantang</i> </span><span style="font-size:12pt;">天堂</span><span style="font-size:12pt;" lang="EN-US">)</span><br>

<br>Does anyone know if there's a difference of opinion on this, especially in regards to the last two terms?<br><br>Thank you,<br><br>Deberniere Torrey<br><br><br><br><br></div>

</blockquote></div><br>

</div></blockquote></td></tr></table><br>

      <hr size=1>

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