<html><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:garamond, new york, times, serif;font-size:12pt"><blockquote type="cite" style="margin: 1em; display: block; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: garamond,'new york',times,serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 16px;"><div class="yui_3_2_0_19_133461966697369"><div class="yui_3_2_0_19_133461966697381"><span class="yui_3_2_0_19_1334619666973177"><span>Mr. Kim,</span><br></span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt;"><span><br>It is too easy to blame war and violence on some predisposed human condition (and that is very convenient for militaristic governments and individuals who hope to profit from such violence). And preparing for
war is surely the best way to prevent it and make the world safe. We are certainly doing a fine job of that as I write.<br></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt;"><br><o:p></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.0001pt;"><span>I am a premodernist and I teach my students about the futility and uselessness of war and how that damaged the lives of individuals and society. It is not a human condition as you state, but rather resultant from greed and the desire to take from others what one might not have. I find it rather amazing that this is something I need to state in academia, but clearly we have a ways to go.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0px;"><o:p> </o:p></div></div><div class="yui_3_2_0_19_133461966697381"><span class="yui_3_2_0_19_1334619666973177">Michael J. Pettid<br>Professor of Premodern Korean Studies<br>Department of Asian and Asian American
Studies</span><div><span class="yui_3_2_0_19_1334619666973179">Director, Translation, Research and Instruction Program<br>Binghamton University<br>607.777.3862</span></div></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div> <div style="font-family: garamond,new york,times,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <div style="font-family: times new roman,new york,times,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <div dir="ltr"> <font face="Arial" size="2"> <hr size="1"> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">From:</span></b> Sheila Miyoshi Jager <sheila.jager@oberlin.edu><br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">To:</span></b> koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws <br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Sent:</span></b> Monday, April 16, 2012 8:22 AM<br> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Subject:</span></b> Re: [KS] Brian Hwang's Discussion Question<br> </font> </div> <br>
<div id="yiv1775233013">
<div>
Unfortunately war is a necessary evil in the human condition. The
better you are prepared for it the better the chance of preventing
it. No one is more anti-war then the people who have to fight it if
it occurs. You can condemn war, and rightfully so, but you can't
eliminate it. <br>
<br>
Jiyul Kim.<br>
<br>
On 4/15/2012 7:50 PM, Michael Pettid wrote:
<blockquote type="cite">
<div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: tahoma,new york,times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">
<div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: tahoma,times,serif;">Mr. Kim</span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: tahoma,times,serif;"><br>
</span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: tahoma,times,serif;"><font>I am happy that you were able
to find a silver lining in a war that killed tens of
thousands of combatants and many, many more
non-combatants. The war </font>experience<font> that
was able to "bolster the competence and confidence" of
the SK troops was surely worth such a cost, right? Wars
are the plague of humankind and nothing more than the
actions of various governments to achieve their goals.
War must be condemned in whatever fashion necessary.</font></span></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><font style="font-family: tahoma,times,serif;"><br>
</font></div>
<div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><span style="font-family: tahoma,times,serif;">Michael J. Pettid<br>
Professor of Premodern Korean Studies<br>
Department of Asian and Asian American Studies</span>
<div><span style="font-family: tahoma,times,serif;">Director, Translation, Research and Instruction
Program<br>
Binghamton University<br>
607.777.3862</span></div>
</div>
<div class="yiv1775233013yui_3_2_0_26_133413028419754" style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">
<div class="yiv1775233013yui_3_2_0_26_133413028419761" style="font-family: times,serif;">
<div dir="ltr"><span style="font-family: tahoma,times,serif;"></span>
<hr size="1"><b style="font-size: 12pt;">From:</b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> Jiyul Kim
<a rel="nofollow" class="yiv1775233013moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" ymailto="mailto:jiyulkim@gmail.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:jiyulkim@gmail.com"><jiyulkim@gmail.com></a></span><br>
<b style="font-size: 12pt;">To:</b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> <a rel="nofollow" class="yiv1775233013moz-txt-link-abbreviated" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws">koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws</a> </span><br>
<b style="font-size: 12pt;">Sent:</b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> Sunday, April 15, 2012
12:58 PM</span><br>
<b style="font-size: 12pt;">Subject:</b><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> Re: [KS] Brian Hwang's
Discussion Question</span><br>
</div>
<br>
<div id="yiv1775233013" style="font-size: 12pt;">
<div>This is all good and fine from a macro view and I
see nothing to disagree with, but numbers and
quantification and metrics do not make history. What
is left out is the psychology and emotions that
Vietnam generated in Park, the military, and the
populace. No doubt there were tremendous materiel
benefits for SK and other Asian countries from the
war, but the war also had unmeasurable "benefits" that
were recognized then as well for example consolidating
national pride and confidence and providing the
military with combat experience. Since 1953 the only
Korean forces, North and South, who have experienced
real combat were the Koreans in Vietnam including a
handful of North Korean fighter pilots. That
experience did much to bolster the competence and
confidence of the South Korean Army. This is not to
justify their deployment or to somehow legitimate the
Vietnam War. I for one believe it was a tragic unjust
war for the U.S. and its allies to have gotten
involved in, but we should not always paint everything
about the war in broad and condemning strokes.<br>
<br>
Jiyul Kim<br>
<br>
<br>
On 4/15/2012 10:15 AM, Katsiaficas, George wrote:
<blockquote type="cite">
<div class="yiv1775233013yui_3_2_0_26_133413028419769" style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;"><span class="yiv1775233013yui_3_2_0_26_1334130284197119" style="font-size: 12pt;">The larger context has
bearing on your question. The government of
South Korea received tremendous economic
benefits from the Vietnam War. </span><span class="yiv1775233013yui_3_2_0_26_1334130284197121" style="font-size: 12pt;">Park Chung-hee's
grandiose scheme to build heavy industry
required enormous amounts of money</span><span class="yiv1775233013yui_3_2_0_26_1334130284197123" style="font-size: 12pt;">, but he had only
limited domestic sources. As much as he</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">squeezed workers and
devalued the currency to stimulate exports, he
still needed farmore capital.</span><span class="yiv1775233013yui_3_2_0_26_1334130284197127" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Between 1953 and 1962,
US aid funded 70% of Korea’s imports and 80% of
its fixed capital investments—about 8% of its
GNP.Once the US needed its monies to fight the
war in Vietnam, however, it began to cut back. </span><span class="yiv1775233013yui_3_2_0_26_1334130284197131" style="font-size: 12pt;">In order to find new
international sources of money, Park endorsed a
key US proposal: closer ROK ties with Japan. </span><span class="yiv1775233013Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">Staunch domestic
opposition to normalization prevented a treaty
from simply being finalized. </span><span class="yiv1775233013Apple-style-span
yiv1775233013yui_3_2_0_26_1334130284197137" style="font-size: 16px;">On June 3, 1964, Park declared martial
law in Seoul and dismissed dozens of professors
and students. The US Combined Forces Commander
approved the release of two combat divisions to
suppress the protests. </span><span class="yiv1775233013Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">Despite thousands of
students threatening to storm the Blue House
(the presidentialresidence), Park rammed the
treaty through the rubber stamp legislature of
the Third Republic. When the opposition went on
a hunger strike to protest the treaty, the
ruling party took one minute to ratify it, and
at the same time, it also approved sending
20,000 troops to Vietnam to fight on the side of
the US. </span><span class="yiv1775233013Apple-style-span
yiv1775233013yui_3_2_0_26_1334130284197145" style="font-size: 16px;">In exchange for normalization of
relations, Japan paid $300 million in grants
(for which Park indemnified Japan for all its
previous actions) and made available another
half-a-billion dollars in loans.<span class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span class="yiv1775233013yui_3_2_0_26_1334130284197151" style="font-size: 12pt;"></span></span></span></span></div>
<div><font class="yiv1775233013Apple-style-span" face="Times New Roman"><span class="yiv1775233013Apple-style-span">
<div class="yiv1775233013MsoBodyText" style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"></span></span></div>
<div class="yiv1775233013MsoNormal">Sensing an
opportunity to channel public sentiment
against the communist enemy as well as
a second avenue to raise capital,
Park immediately offered thousands more
troops for deployment to Vietnam. Despite
scattered student protests, war with Vietnam
proved less controversial than his settling
of accounts with Japan. Park’s movement of
troops was so fast, that according to
figures released by the US State Department,
there were more South Korean soldiers
fighting in southern Vietnam in 1965 than
North Vietnamese.<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://us.mg6.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span></span></a> South
Koreans soldiers were widely reported to be
even more brutal than their US counterparts.
At the end of 1969, some 48,000 ROK military
personnel were stationed in Vietnam, and by
the time they completed their withdrawal in
1973, some 300,000 veterans had fought
there. ROK casualties included 4,960 dead
and 10,962 wounded. Wars provide experiences
for military officers who go on to inflict
future casualties. Lieutenant No Ri-Bang
served in Jeju in 1948 and went to Vietnam.
Future dictators Chun Doo Hwan and Roh
Tae-woo served together in Vietnam, before
brutally ruling South Korea after Park’s
assassination in 1979.</div>
<div class="yiv1775233013MsoNormal"> </div>
<div class="yiv1775233013MsoNormal">The
economic benefits of military intervention
in Vietnam were extraordinary. From
1965-1970, the South Korean government
received $1.1 billion in payments—about 7%
of GDP and 19% of foreign earnings.<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://us.mg6.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[3]</span></span></span></a> More
than 80 Korean companies did lucrative
business in Vietnam—from transportation to
supply, construction to entertainment—from
which the country accrued another $1 billion
for exports to and services in
Vietnam. Secret US bonuses paid to Park’s
government for Korean soldiers who fought in
Vietnam totaled $185 million from 1965-1973.
When we add all these funds to the $1.1
billion in direct payments, the total US
allocations to Park’s regime amounted to
about 30% of the ROK’s foreign exchange
earnings from 1966-1969.<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://us.mg6.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[4]</span></span></span></a> Altogether
US aid to South Korea totaled $11 billion by
1973—more than to any other country except
South Vietnam—some 8% of worldwide US
military and foreign monies.<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://us.mg6.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[5]</span></span></span></a> Regimes
friendly to the US in Japan, Taiwan, the
Philippines, and Thailand also benefited
greatly from the tidal wave of dollars that
flooded the region during the Vietnam War.</div>
<div class="yiv1775233013MsoNormal"><br>
</div>
<div class="yiv1775233013MsoNormal">Excerpted
from my book, Asia's Unknown Uprisings: Vol.
1 South Korean Social Movements in the 20th
Century</div>
<div class="yiv1775233013MsoNormal"><br>
</div>
<div class="yiv1775233013MsoNormal">George
Katsiaficas</div>
<div><br clear="all">
<hr width="33%" align="left" size="1">
<div id="yiv1775233013ftn1">
<div class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;"><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://us.mg6.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span class="yiv1775233013yui_3_2_0_26_1334130284197209" style="font-size: 10pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> See the
discussion in the volume I edited, <i>Vietnam
Documents: American and Vietnamese
Views of the War</i> (Armonk, NY:
M.E. Sharpe, 1992) p. 63.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="yiv1775233013ftn2">
<div class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;"><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://us.mg6.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span class="yiv1775233013yui_3_2_0_26_1334130284197221" style="font-size: 10pt;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Chae-Jin
Lee, pp. 55, 70.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="yiv1775233013ftn3">
<div class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;"><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://us.mg6.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span class="yiv1775233013yui_3_2_0_26_1334130284197231" style="font-size: 10pt;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Cumings, <i>Korea’s
Place in the Sun</i>, p. 321.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="yiv1775233013ftn4">
<div class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;"><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://us.mg6.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span class="yiv1775233013yui_3_2_0_26_1334130284197243" style="font-size: 10pt;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Martin
Hart-Landsberg 1993, 147-8.</span></div>
</div>
<div id="yiv1775233013ftn5">
<div class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteText" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;"><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://us.mg6.mail.yahoo.com/neo/#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span class="yiv1775233013MsoFootnoteReference" style="vertical-align: super;"><span class="yiv1775233013yui_3_2_0_26_1334130284197253" style="font-size: 10pt;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 10pt;"> Han
Sung-joo, “Korean Politics in an
International Context,” in Korean
National Commission for UNESCO
(editor) <i>Korean Politics: Striving
for Democracy and Unification</i> (Elizabeth,
NJ: Hollym, 2002) p. 620.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</span>
<div><br>
</div>
</font></div>
<span id="yiv1775233013OLK_SRC_BODY_SECTION" class="yiv1775233013yui_3_2_0_26_1334130284197259" style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">
<div class="yiv1775233013yui_3_2_0_26_133413028419787" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left; border-width: 1pt medium medium; border-style: solid none none; padding: 3pt 0in 0in; border-top: 1pt solid rgb(181, 196, 223);"><span style="font-weight: bold;">From: </span>don
kirk <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:kirkdon@yahoo.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:kirkdon@yahoo.com">kirkdon@yahoo.com</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Reply-To: </span>Korean
Studies Discussion List <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws">koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Date: </span>Sat,
14 Apr 2012 15:04:41 -0700<br>
<span style="font-weight: bold;">To: </span>Kevin
Shepard <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:kevin_shepard@yahoo.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:kevin_shepard@yahoo.com">kevin_shepard@yahoo.com</a>>,
Korean Studies Discussion List <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws">koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws</a>><br>
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Subject: </span>Re:
[KS] Brian Hwang's Discussion Question<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="font: inherit;" valign="top">The
question is whether or not they got
bonuses in order to "volunteer" for
Vietnam. If they got no bonuses, then
obviously they wouldn't be "mercenaries."
Even if they got bonuses, it would be
difficult to pin the mercenary label since
soldiers in any army generally get combat
pay when fighting overseas. Also, I'm not
sure ordinary draftees had any say in
where they were sent.<br>
All told, 300,000 Koreans served in
Vietnam over nearly a ten-year period.
Five thousand of them were KIA, many more
WIA. The White Horse and Tiger divisions
were the principal units. Korean special
forces were also in Vietnam. Those whom I
have met are proud to have served there.
Many of them, grizzled old veterans, turn
up at demonstrations in Seoul protesting
leftist demos, NKorean human rights
violations, North Korean dynastic rule
etc. They love to wear their old uniforms
with ribbons awarded for Vietnam service,
including acts of individual heroism. <br>
Some of them also talk quite openly about
what they did in Vietnam -- and could
provide material supporting your thesis re
"the type of warfare that they had to
fight in Vietnam,<br>
including guerrilla warfare and civilian
warfare." Strongly suggest you come here
and interview some while they're still
around. They'd tell you a lot, good and
bad. Sorry to say, one of them once
boasted to me of a personal "body count"
of 300 victims -- would doubt if all of
them were "enemy." On the other hand, they
were also known for high levels of
efficiency and success in their AO's.<br>
Good luck on the project.<br>
Don Kirk<br>
<br>
--- On <b>Sat, 4/14/12, Kevin Shepard <i><<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:kevin_shepard@yahoo.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:kevin_shepard@yahoo.com">kevin_shepard@yahoo.com</a>></i></b> wrote:<br>
<blockquote style="margin-left: 5px; border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16, 255); padding-left: 5px;"><br>
From: Kevin Shepard <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:kevin_shepard@yahoo.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:kevin_shepard@yahoo.com">kevin_shepard@yahoo.com</a>><br>
Subject: Re: [KS] Brian Hwang's
Discussion Question<br>
To: "<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws">koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws</a>"
<<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws">koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws</a>><br>
Date: Saturday, April 14, 2012, 1:40 PM<br>
<br>
<div id="yiv1775233013">
<div class="yiv1775233013yui_3_2_0_26_133413028419795" style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">
<div>I think you will be
hard-pressed to justify calling
individual soldiers mercenaries -
the Korean government may have
received funds from the US, but
ROK soldiers were drafted into
mandatory service. If you come
across documentation that
individuals volunteered for
Vietnam in order to receive funds
from the US, please send such
documents to me.</div>
<div class="yiv1775233013yui_3_2_0_26_133413028419799" style="font-family: times,serif; text-align: left;"><font size="2"><br>
</font></div>
<div><font class="yiv1775233013yui_3_2_0_26_1334130284197275" style="font-family: times,serif;" size="2">Kevin Shepard,
Ph.D.<br>
Strategist<br>
UNC/CFC/USFK<br>
UCJ 5 Strategy Div.</font></div>
<br>
<div class="yiv1775233013yui_3_2_0_26_1334130284197103" style="font-size: 10pt;">
<div class="yiv1775233013yui_3_2_0_26_1334130284197105" style="font-family: times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">
<div dir="ltr"><font face="Arial" size="2">
<hr size="1"><b>From:</b> "<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies-request@koreaweb.ws" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies-request@koreaweb.ws">koreanstudies-request@koreaweb.ws</a>"
<<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies-request@koreaweb.ws" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies-request@koreaweb.ws">koreanstudies-request@koreaweb.ws</a>><br>
<b>To:</b> <a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws">koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws</a> <br>
<b>Sent:</b> Sunday, April
15, 2012 1:00 AM<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Koreanstudies
Digest, Vol 106, Issue 9<br>
</font></div>
<br>
<br>
Today's Topics:<br>
<br>
1. Discussion Question (<a rel="nofollow">brianhwang@berkeley.edu</a>)<br>
2. March 2012 Issue of
"Cross-Currents: East Asian
History and<br>
Culture Review" Available
Online (Center for Korean
Studies)<br>
<br>
<br>
----------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
<br>
Message: 1<br>
Date: Fri, 13 Apr 2012 10:15:24
-0700<br>
From: <a rel="nofollow">brianhwang@berkeley.edu</a><br>
To: <a rel="nofollow">koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws</a><br>
Subject: [KS] Discussion
Question<br>
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<<a rel="nofollow">7cb59ce69b486f3c15e6bba3e396a6d4.squirrel@calmail.berkeley.edu</a>><br>
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<br>
Hello all:<br>
<br>
I am a history student at
University of California,
Berkeley. Currently I<br>
am working on a paper regarding
Korean involvement in the
Vietnam War. My<br>
argument is that although Korean
soldiers were 1) mercenaries
(because<br>
they were paid predominantly by
US dollars to go) and 2) anti
communists<br>
(because of past history), the
atrocities that they are accused
of<br>
committing are not primarily due
to the aforementioned reasons,
but<br>
because of the type of warfare
that they had to fight in
Vietnam,<br>
including guerrilla warfare and
civilian warfare.<br>
<br>
Do you all think this is a valid
argument? Are there any primary
sources<br>
that would help me in my
argument, including ones that
attribute Korean<br>
atrocities to their mercenary
and anticommunist nature?<br>
<br>
Thank you!<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
------------------------------<br>
<br>
Message: 2<br>
Date: Fri, 13 Apr 2012 11:00:21
-0700<br>
From: "Center for Korean
Studies" <<a rel="nofollow">cks@berkeley.edu</a>><br>
To: <<a rel="nofollow">koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws</a>><br>
Subject: [KS] March 2012 Issue
of "Cross-Currents: East Asian
History<br>
and Culture Review"
Available Online<br>
Message-ID: <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:037401cd199f$4b410820$e1c31860$@berkeley.edu" target="_blank" href="mailto:037401cd199f$4b410820$e1c31860$@berkeley.edu">037401cd199f$4b410820$e1c31860$@berkeley.edu</a>><br>
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<br>
March 2012 Issue of
"Cross-Currents: East Asian
History and Culture Review" now
online <br>
<br>
The second issue of IEAS's new,
interactive e-journal
"Cross-Currents: East Asian
History and Culture Review" is
now online. The theme of the
March 2012 issue is "Japanese
Imperial Maps as Sources for
East Asian History: The Past and
Future of the Gaih?zu" (guest
edited by K?ren Wigen, professor
of History at Stanford). Visit <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://cross-currents.berkeley.edu/e-journal/issue-2">http://cross-currents.berkeley.edu/e-journal/issue-2</a> to
read the articles, a review
essay written by Timothy Cheek
(University of British Columbia)
about Ezra Vogel's new book on
Deng Xiaoping, and abstracts of
important new scholarship in
Chinese. The March issue of the
e-journal also features a photo
essay by Jianhua Gong
documenting Shanghai's longtang
alleyways. <br>
<br>
A joint enterprise of the
Research Institute of Korean
Studies at Korea University
(RIKS) and the Institute of East
Asian Studies at the University
of California at Berkeley
(IEAS), "Cross-Currents" offers
its readers up-to-date research
findings, emerging trends, and
cutting-edge perspectives
concerning East Asian history
and culture from scholars in
both English-speaking and Asian
language-speaking academic
communities. <br>
<br>
<br>
* * ** ** <br>
<br>
<br>
March 2012 issue of
"Cross-Currents" e-journal<br>
(See <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://cross-currents.berkeley.edu/e-journal/issue-2">http://cross-currents.berkeley.edu/e-journal/issue-2</a>)<br>
<br>
*Co-Editors' Note*<br>
<br>
Building an Online Community of
East Asia Scholars<br>
Sungtaek Cho, Research Institute
of Korean Studies (RIKS), Korea
University<br>
Wen-hsin Yeh, Institute of East
Asian Studies (IEAS), University
of California, Berkeley<br>
<br>
*Japanese Imperial Maps as
Sources for East Asian History:
The Past and Future of the
Gaihozu*<br>
<br>
Introduction to "Japanese
Imperial Maps as Sources for
East Asian History: The Past and
Future of the Gaihozu"<br>
Guest editor K?ren Wigen,
Stanford University<br>
<br>
Japanese Mapping of Asia-Pacific
Areas, 1873-1945: An Overview<br>
Shigeru Kobayashi, Osaka
University<br>
<br>
Imagining Manmo: Mapping the
Russo-Japanese Boundary
Agreements in Manchuria and
Inner Mongolia, 1907-1915<br>
Yoshihisa T. Matsusaka,
Wellesley College<br>
<br>
Triangulating Chosen: Maps,
Mapmaking, and the Land Survey
in Colonial Korea<br>
David Fedman, Stanford
University<br>
<br>
Mapping Economic Development:
The South Seas Government and
Sugar Production in Japan's
South Pacific Mandate,
1919--1941<br>
Ti Ngo, University of
California, Berkeley<br>
<br>
*Forum*<br>
<br>
Asian Studies/Global Studies:
Transcending Area Studies and
Social Sciences<br>
John Lie, University of
California, Berkeley/<br>
<br>
Defenders and Conquerors: The
Rhetoric of Royal Power in
Korean Inscriptions from the
Fifth to Seventh Centuries<br>
Hung-gyu Kim, Korea University<br>
<br>
*Review Essays and Notes*<br>
<br>
Of Leaders and Governance: How
the Chinese Dragon Got Its
Scales<br>
Timothy Cheek, University of
British Columbia<br>
<br>
A Note on the 40th Anniversary
of Nixon's Visit to China<br>
William C. Kirby, Harvard
University<br>
<br>
*Photo Essay*<br>
<br>
"Shanghai Alleyways" by
photographer Jianhua Gong<br>
Essay by Xiaoneng Yang, Stanford
University<br>
<br>
*Readings from Asia*<br>
<br>
Ge Zhaoguang , Dwelling in the
Middle of the Country:
Reestablishing Histories of
"China" [????:????"??"???]<br>
Abstract by Wennan Liu, Chinese
Academy of Social Sciences<br>
<br>
Wang Qisheng, Revolution and
Counter-Revolution: Republican
Politics in Social-Cultural
Scope [???????????????????]<br>
Abstract by Bin Ye, Shanghai
Academy of Social Sciences<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
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