<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" ><tr><td valign="top" style="font: inherit;"><font face="arial" size="2">Regarding the possible relationship, I would say that current scholarship is leaning on saying no. Here is a quick summary:</font><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt; "><br></div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt; ">1)
<span style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: small; ">Christopher I. Beckwith</span> (author of Koguryo: The Language of Japan's Continental Relatives) <span style="font-size: 10pt; ">gives a resounding no.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt; "><br></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt; ">2) </span><font face="arial" size="2">Roy Andrew Miller (author of Languages and History: Japanese, Korean and Altaic) says yes.</font></div><div><font face="arial" size="2"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial" size="2">3) Alexander Vovin (author of Korea-Japonica: A Re-evaluation of a Common Genetic Origin) says no. He had originally started believing that Korean and Japanese shared a genetic relationship, but after studying the most archaic forms of Japanese on
the Ryukyu islands, he came to the conclusion that they were not. </font><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small; ">Interestingly, Vovin does believe that a common "Old Korean" was spoken on the peninsula during the Three Kingdom's Period.</span></div><div><font face="arial" size="2"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial" size="2">4) J. Marshall Unger (author of The Role of Contact in the Origins of the Japanese and Korean Language) says yes, but with caveats. He actually believes that Proto Korean and Proto Japanese were both spoken widely on the peninsula, but that Proto Korean eventually displaced Proto Japanese and pushed it into the archipelago. The main evidence that he has is that Japanese place names on the peninsula are not just in old Koguryo areas, but also in other areas on the peninsula as well.</font></div><div><font face="arial" size="2"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial"
size="2">My personal belief, as an informed lay person, is a combination of three and four. Korean and Japanese may have had very distant genetic relationships somewhere in Manchuria or Siberia, but separated a very long time ago. It is very hard to know for sure because we have fragmentary information on Old Korean due to Korea's more turbulent history. At the same time information on Old Japanese isn't exhaustive either. </font></div><div><font face="arial" size="2"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial" size="2">I know there was an interesting paper by John R. Bentley that took old Han and Wei documents and glossed Proto Korean and Proto Japanese words and found out that both had a similar number of vowels at that time. It also collaborated the works of Japanese scholars as well. Turns out that Proto Japanese may have had seven vowels as opposed to the 5 vowels that it has now. Proto Korean also had seven
vowels back then as opposed to the 10 vowels it has now. It was also determined that those vowels were overlapping. Thus, it appeared based on this evidence that back then at least the two languages sounded similar.</font></div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt; "><br></div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt; ">Again, based on the dearth of information, we may never really know.</div><div style="font-family: arial; font-size: 10pt; "><br><br>--- On <b>Mon, 5/28/12, Adam Bohnet <i><adam.bohnet@utoronto.ca></i></b> wrote:<br><blockquote style="border-left: 2px solid rgb(16, 16, 255); margin-left: 5px; padding-left: 5px;"><br>From: Adam Bohnet <adam.bohnet@utoronto.ca><br>Subject: Re: [KS] Is Korean an Altaic language?<br>To: koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws<br>Date: Monday, May 28, 2012, 3:55 AM<br><br><div class="plainMail">Dear Eugene:<br><br>My own fealing, having read a little bit about it as a
non-specialist, <br>is that the safest course is to tell students that there is a great <br>deal of debate concerning Korea's relationship to Japanese and the <br>so-called Altaic languages, and that otherwise it has no obvious or <br>undisputed connection to any other language. I then direct students to <br>Sasha Vovin, etc. My own impression (no doubt based on insufficiently <br>deep reading) was that all of the participants in the debate were able <br>to claim that what other scholars treated as evidence of a genetic <br>relationship was actually just the result of borrowing of words, so <br>that unless one really wants to wade deep into the waters of this <br>debate, it is best to stay dry and on the edge.<br><br>In response to Henny's comment, note that Eugene's question was not <br>concerned with simple "similarity" but with language families. Note <br>that English
speakers have a notoriously hard time learning Sanskrit, <br>although Sanskrit is also an Indo-European language. Perhaps I might <br>direct list-members to a comment made by Sasha Vovin on the Yahoo <br>Manchu Studies List. His comment concerns Manchu, but in some respects <br>it applies to Korean as well.<br><br><a href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ManchuStudy/message/390" target="_blank">http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ManchuStudy/message/390</a><br><br>"Manchu belongs to the Tungusic language family, namely to its South<br>(Nanaic) branch. The Tungusic language family is spread from Western<br>Siberia to Pacific, and includes about a dozen languages, among which<br>Ewenki, Ewen, and Nanai alongside with the Sibo dialect of Manchu in<br>Xinjiang have the most number of speakers. Manchu, as well as other<br>Tungusic languages have a remarkable similarity to languages belonging<br>to languages families found in Central and East
Asia (Turkic,<br>Mongolic, Korean, and Japonic) that used to be called 'Altaic', but<br>the similarity is superficial, mainly due to the fact that all these<br>languages have SOV word order. Students of Manchu who make use of the<br>Japanese translation of the Manwen laodang will notice that the<br>Japanese text placed beneath each line of Manchu text follows the same<br>word order as Manchu. But they should keep in mind that a similar<br>translation into Hindi or the Sepik language (a Papuan language) would<br>enjoy the same privilege, as these languages are also SOV. Meanwhile,<br>this will not work for Ewen, which, although obviously related to<br>Manchu, has developed SVO order in certain types of clauses. Though<br>linguists have debated whether Altaic languages are actually<br>genetically linked or whether their similarities merely reflect<br>extensive borrowings from one another, most of Western and Japanese<br>specialists in 'Altaic' languages
believe that these similarities are<br>the result of centuries long contacts. In other words, we deal here<br>with a Sprachbund situation."<br><br><br>Quoting Henny Savenije <<a ymailto="mailto:webmaster@henny-savenije.pe.kr" href="/mc/compose?to=webmaster@henny-savenije.pe.kr">webmaster@henny-savenije.pe.kr</a>>:<br><br>> I am not a linguist either but I do remember that Turkish and<br>> Hungarians and even Finnish have a relative easy time learning Korean.<br>> I have met people from each group telling me so. Which indicates to me<br>> the similarity between the languages.<br>><br>> At 02:29 PM 5/27/2012, you wrote:<br>>> Dear all,<br>>><br>>> On a somewhat related note: what is the latest consensus, if any, among<br>>> historical linguists on whether Korean (as well as Japanese) is an<br>>> Altaic language? I am not a linguist, but would it be fair for me to<br>>> tell my students that
Korean is either a member of an Altaic language<br>>> family or a language isolate to which Altaic languages, more than any<br>>> others, are probably most closely related? My own very limited<br>>> understanding of the literature on historical linguistics seems to<br>>> suggest to me that if one were to place Korean in a language family,<br>>> then the Altaic seems to be the best choice.<br>>><br>>> Best,<br>>><br>>> Gene<br>>> ---<br>>><br>>> Eugene Y. Park<br>>> Korea Foundation Associate Professor of History<br>>> Director, James Joo-Jin Kim Program in Korean Studies<br>>> University of Pennsylvania<br>>> <a href="http://www.history.upenn.edu/faculty/park.shtml" target="_blank">http://www.history.upenn.edu/faculty/park.shtml</a><br>>><br>>><br>>> On 5/26/2012 11:02 PM, <a ymailto="mailto:gkl1@columbia.edu"
href="/mc/compose?to=gkl1@columbia.edu">gkl1@columbia.edu</a> wrote:<br>>>> Hi List,<br>>>><br>>>> Admittedly a huge number of Chinese words and compounds have become<br>>>> part of Korean's vocabulary, just as a huge number of Greek and and<br>>>> Latin words have become a part of the vocabulary of English (and the<br>>>> other European languages too). But it's distressing to learn that<br>>>> people might think ANY Korean word would be writable with Chinese<br>>>> characters. If that were so, then Korean would be a language in the<br>>>> Sino-Tibetan family. It's hard enough to get scholarly agreement on<br>>>> what language family CAN claim Korean's ancestry, but any linguistic<br>>>> reference work would make it clear that it's not a Chinese-type language.<br>>>><br>>>> Gari Ledyard<br>>>><br>>>> Quoting Clark W
Sorensen <<a ymailto="mailto:sangok@u.washington.edu" href="/mc/compose?to=sangok@u.washington.edu">sangok@u.washington.edu</a>>:<br>>>><br>>>>> Caren,<br>>>>><br>>>>> Namaksin is a native Korean word, so it doesn't have corresponding<br>>>>> Chinese characters. However, any of the on-line dictionaries will give<br>>>>> the characters for Korean words such as at naver.com. The problem is<br>>>>> you have to input the Korean in hangul.<br>>>>><br>>>>> Clark Sorensen<br>>>>><br>>>>> On Fri, 25 May 2012, Freeman, Caren (cwf8q) wrote:<br>>>>><br>>>>>><br>>>>>> I¡¯m asking this question on behalf of a colleague who is a<br>>>>>> sinologist. He asks:<br>>>>>><br>>>>>><br>>>>>><br>>>>>> ¡°i want to see what
chinese characters correspond to korean<br>>>>>> "Namaksin" wooden clogs. Namaksin (³ª¸·½Å)<br>>>>>><br>>>>>><br>>>>>><br>>>>>> Is there an online dictionary that gives the classic readings for<br>>>>>> korean words entered in pinyin type western alphabet?¡±<br>>>>>><br>>>>>><br>>>>>><br>>>>>> Many thanks for your recommendations,<br>>>>>><br>>>>>> Caren Freeman<br>>>>>><br>>>>>><br>>>>>><br>>>>>><br>>>>>><br>>>>>><br>>>>>><br>>>>>><br>>>>>><br>>>><br>>>><br>>>><br>>>><br>><br>> _ _<br>>
(o) (o)<br>> oOOO----(_)----OOOo---<br>> Henny (Lee Hae Kang)<br>> -----------------------------<br>> <a href="http://www.henny-savenije.pe.kr" target="_blank">http://www.henny-savenije.pe.kr</a> Portal to all my sites<br>> <a href="http://www.hendrick-hamel.henny-savenije.pe.kr" target="_blank">http://www.hendrick-hamel.henny-savenije.pe.kr</a> (in English) Feel free<br>> to discover Korea with Hendrick Hamel (1653-1666)<br>> <a href="http://www.hendrick-hamel.henny-savenije.pe.kr/indexk2.htm" target="_blank">http://www.hendrick-hamel.henny-savenije.pe.kr/indexk2.htm</a> In Korean<br>> <a href="http://www.hendrick-hamel.henny-savenije.pe.kr/Dutch" target="_blank">http://www.hendrick-hamel.henny-savenije.pe.kr/Dutch</a> In Dutch<br>> <a href="http://www.vos.henny-savenije.pe.kr" target="_blank">http://www.vos.henny-savenije.pe.kr</a> Frits Vos Article about Witsen
and<br>> Eibokken and his first Korean-Dutch dictionary<br>> <a href="http://www.cartography.henny-savenije.pe.kr" target="_blank">http://www.cartography.henny-savenije.pe.kr</a> (in English) Korea through<br>> Western Cartographic eyes<br>> <a href="http://www.hwasong.henny-savenije.pe.kr" target="_blank">http://www.hwasong.henny-savenije.pe.kr</a> Hwasong the fortress in Suwon<br>> <a href="http://www.oldKorea.henny-savenije.pe.kr" target="_blank">http://www.oldKorea.henny-savenije.pe.kr</a> Old Korea in pictures<br>> <a href="http://www.british.henny-savenije.pe.kr" target="_blank">http://www.british.henny-savenije.pe.kr</a> A British encounter in Pusan (1797)<br>> <a href="http://www.genealogy.henny-savenije.pe.kr/" target="_blank">http://www.genealogy.henny-savenije.pe.kr/</a> Genealogy<br>> <a href="http://www.henny-savenije.pe.kr/phorum" target="_blank">http://www.henny-savenije.pe.kr/phorum</a> Bulletin board for Korean
studies<br><br><br><br><br></div></blockquote></div></td></tr></table>