Thank-you Seunghun Lee and Werner for the useful insights particularly on the origin of tones.<br><br>The reason this seems significant to me is if the tone of a character sometimes distinguishes its function as a verb or noun etc, it would greatly aid in translation. From this point of view, it's a shame Koreans didn't maintain the system of small circles in the corner of characters found in ¿ëºñ¾îõ°¡ (and I assume ÈÆ¹ÎÁ¤À½ though don't have a copy to double-check. Was it introduced at that time or had it been used previously?)<br>
<br>I guess there are two possible reasons why they dropped the system of explicitly marking the tones. 1) Either Koreans already were not pronouncing the tone when reading hanmun and paid less heed to it in general (and/or they considered that the circles looked ugly). Or 2) Koreans were familiar enough with Classical Chinese that they could deduce the tone from the grammatical and textual context and so did not need to mark them. i.e. To them the grammatical function or specific meaning of the character was always clear enough that they didn't need the tone to help decipher it in the way I'm suggesting would be useful to a less versed foreign translator like myself.<br>
<br><br>Regarding the 106ê¤í® or "representative rhyming characters" I had initially asked about. I've realized now, they are not (just?) a system for ordering character dictionaries, but each of the 106 characters represents a "rhyme group". The characters which rhyme in hansi quatrains (the last character on the 2nd, 4th and often 1st line) all have to be classified in the same group.<br>
<br>How these rhyme groups were originally formulated by Chinese poets is something I'd still be interested to know.<br><br>An interesting point is that the rhyming characters in Korean hansi quatrains often also rhyme in Korean (i.e. the hangul pronunciation rhymes), but these characters do not necessarily rhyme in modern Mandarin (which for this purpose I'm assuming wasn't too different to Qing dynasty Mandarin). Maybe it is just coincidence that Korean still preserves many of the immediate rhymes of earlier Chinese. Or, did Korean poets like Yu Deuk-gong (À¯µæ°ø 1748-1807) make an extra effort to not only have their poems rhyme according to classical convention, but at the same time also in contemporary Korean pronunciation? (By 'rhyming in Korean,' I mean in a sense audible to Western ears, ȸ,°³,·¡; Çâ,¿Õ,Àå; Áö¹Ì½Ã etc.)<br>
<br>sincerely to all,<br>Andrew Logie<br>