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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>I would be interested in other views. I
have seen many, many statues of Kim Il Sung in all sorts of places in the DPRK,
but I do not remember one that shone as though it was covered in gold. Do
others?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Jim Hoare<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'> Koreanstudies
[mailto:koreanstudies-bounces@koreaweb.ws] <b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On
Behalf Of </span></b>Kirk Larsen<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> 28 December 2012 01:52<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> Korean Studies Discussion List<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></b> Ruediger Frank<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [KS] Gold leaf on the
Kim Il Sung statue in the Mansudae GrandMonument?</span></font><font
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Cambria><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Cambria><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Thanks
for the many comments on North Korean statues, old and new. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Cambria><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Cambria><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>I
was hoping that Chris Springer would weigh in and am glad he did. Next time I
am on campus, I will take a look at the 1977 <i><span style='font-style:italic'>Democratic
People's Republic of Korea</span></i> in order to satisfy my antiquarian
curiosity about the gold. Many thanks!<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Cambria><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Cambria><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>It
is interesting to note that the 2001 “Short Biography” of Kim Jong Il credits
Kim the younger (but no longer the youngest) with guiding the construction of
the 1972 Mansudae statue:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Cambria><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3 face=Cambria><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>In order to celebrate Kim Il Sung ’s 60th birthday in
a grand fashion, he guided the work of erecting Kim Il Sung ’s bronze statue in
Pyongyang while encouraging the Party members and other working people to
effect a fresh revolutionary upsurge.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3 face=Cambria><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3 face=Cambria><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>He said to the officials: “Building Comrade Kim Il
Sung ’s bronze statue is an undertaking to uphold and safeguard his high
authority and prestige, and hand down to posterity his greatness and august
image. Therefore, the statue must be built so that it can radiate his greatness
as an outstanding leader and his image as the benevolent father of the people.”
(<i><span style='font-style:italic'>Kim Jong Il: Short Biography</span></i>,
50). <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Cambria><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Cambria><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>It
is apparent that by 2001 at least, all memory of the statue being covered with
gold had been erased.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Cambria><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Cambria><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>This
appears to contrast with at least some other statues across the DPRK which, if
some combination of defector testimony and P’yŏngyangologists (apologies to
Frank Hoffmann) is to be trusted, are gold plated or at least <a
href="http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk02300&num=3525">covered
with gold spray</a> (<a
href="http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk02300&num=3525">http://www.dailynk.com/english/read.php?cataId=nk02300&num=3525</a>):
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Cambria><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3 face=Cambria><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>Also, because the statues of Kim Il Sung are gold
plated, it is rumored that several hundred tons of gold are needed to
manufacture them.<br>
<br>
A gold spray is used to coat the statues. Because the structure is made of
bronze, it can corrode in the rain and wind. Therefore, every two years each
figure is recoated with gold spray.<br>
<br>
However, there is one part of the structure that is manufactured in solid gold.
To keep the statue from being struck by lightening, there is a rod of gold
inserted in the center. There is a story told of a man who extracted a gold rod
from one of the revered commemorative statues of Kim Il Sung during the extreme
food shortage in 1997 and sold it to China. His deed was discovered and it is
said that half way through his trial, the man committed suicide by hanging
himself.<br>
<br>
The spray used to coat the statues is brought in from Germany at a very high
cost. Because of this, it is said that the spray is only used on the statues of
Kim Il Sung, Kim Jong Il, and Kim Hyung Jik.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Cambria><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Cambria><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>As
for the new Mansudae version of Kim Il Sung, the KCNA “explains” as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3 face=Cambria><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:36.0pt'><font size=3 face=Cambria><span
style='font-size:12.0pt'>The statues portray smiling Kim Il Sung who indicates
the way ahead with his hand held forward and smiling Kim Jong Il blessing
Songun Korea prosperous morrow while looking far into its bright future in the
new century.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Cambria><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Cambria><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>It
is interesting to note that the new (or newer) statues of both father and son
seem to emphasize the similarities between the two. Start with the <a
href="http://nkleadershipwatch.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/2012-10-07-01-01.jpg">stand-alone
statue of Kim Jong Il</a> at the Ministry of State Security Headquarters (<a
href="http://nkleadershipwatch.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/2012-10-07-01-01.jpg">http://nkleadershipwatch.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/2012-10-07-01-01.jpg</a>),
move on to the <a
href="http://nkleadershipwatch.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/948708-2.jpg">twin
statues</a> on the campus of the Ministry of the People’s Armed Forces (<a
href="http://nkleadershipwatch.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/948708-2.jpg">http://nkleadershipwatch.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/948708-2.jpg</a>,
through the statues of father and son <a
href="http://nkleadershipwatch.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/6876075497_acb67297fe_o.jpg">both
on horseback</a> (<a
href="http://nkleadershipwatch.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/6876075497_acb67297fe_o.jpg">http://nkleadershipwatch.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/6876075497_acb67297fe_o.jpg</a>)
and end with the new and improved Mansudae statues and I get a strong sense that
the powers that be in P’yŏngyang want to have father and son subtly meld
together in public imagination. Perhaps a much needed correction to the
persistent trope among defectors that while many still respect and honor Kim Il
Sung, feelings for Kim Jong Il aren't as fond. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Cambria><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Cambria><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> Cheers!<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face=Cambria><span style='font-size:12.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>On Thu, Dec 27, 2012 at 2:18 PM, Morriss,
Peter <<a href="mailto:pete.morriss@nuigalway.ie" target="_blank">pete.morriss@nuigalway.ie</a>>
wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div>
<p><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Since
we're on this topic, can I also ask if it is known why it was (they
were) under wraps in September, depriving me of the honour of viewing
it/them. Have the wraps now been removed? If so, what changes were
made?<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:14.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Many
thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:14.0pt'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=4 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Pete
Morriss <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><b><font size=3 color=black
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font color=black face=Tahoma><span
style='font-family:Tahoma;color:black'> Koreanstudies [<a
href="mailto:koreanstudies-bounces@koreaweb.ws" target="_blank">koreanstudies-bounces@koreaweb.ws</a>]
on behalf of Ruediger Frank [<a href="mailto:ruediger.frank@univie.ac.at"
target="_blank">ruediger.frank@univie.ac.at</a>]<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> 27 December 2012 18:01<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> Korean Studies Discussion List<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [KS] Gold leaf on the
Kim Il Sung statue in the Mansudae Grand Monument?</span></font><font
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3 face=Arial><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Perhaps one of the colleagues on
this list has a clue on a more recent aspect of statuology: As you know, in
April 2012 a statue of Kim Jong Il was added to the top of Mansudae Hill. Not
only was the one of Kim Il Sung, standing there since 1972, moved a few steps
to the left; Kim Il Sung is now also wearing glasses, a smile, and a Western
suit. Any reliable information on why that has been changed? No doubt the main
statue of the leader in the country is of the highest symbolic value, so not
even the smallest change would happen without a purpose. So what is it that the
changed appearance of the Kim Il Sung statue wants to tell the North Korean
people?<br>
All the best,<br>
Rudiger Frank<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
on Mittwoch, 26. Dezember 2012 at 09:08 you wrote:<br>
<br>
<br>
<b><font color=maroon><span style='color:maroon;font-weight:bold'>> There's
a photo of the gilded Kim Il Sung statue in the North<br>
> Korean pictorial magazine "Democratic People's Republic of
Korea,"<br>
> 12/1977. It looks quite different from the bronze version. As<br>
> Ruediger Frank suggests, too much light reflects off the surface,<br>
> and the statue's contrasts are lost.<br>
<br>
> As Jim Hoare notes, the statue was erected in 1972. The gilding<br>
> was applied in 1977, according to Helen-Louise Hunter's book<br>
> "Kim Il Song's North Korea."<br>
<br>
> The Chinese delegation in question visited September 8-13, 1978,<br>
> and the gold was allegedly removed soon after, perhaps even that<br>
> same month. (Did Chinese objections lead to the degilding? This<br>
> has been reported but not solidly established.)<br>
<br>
> While gilding a statue seems extravagant, gold plating is typically<br>
> so thin that the cost of the gold itself is not necessarily prohibitive.<br>
<br>
> Chris Springer<br>
> "Pyongyang: The Hidden History of the North Korean Capital"<br>
</span></font></b></span></font><font face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-family:"Times New Roman"'><a href="http://www.hiddenhistory.info"
target="_blank"><font face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial'>>
www.hiddenhistory.info</span></font></a><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"'><br>
<br clear=all>
<br>
-- <br>
Kirk W. Larsen <br>
Department of History<br>
Assistant Director, Academic Programs and Research<br>
David M. Kennedy Center for International Studies<br>
2151 JFSB<br>
BYU<br>
Provo, UT 84602-6707<br>
(801) 422-3445<br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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