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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Dear Kim and Balazs.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Thank you all for an interesting data. While Israel opened its diplomatic office in Korea in 1962 after signing the diplomatic relations accord, Korea opened its diplomatic in Israel only three decades later.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>One could understand Korea's sensitivity towards the reaction of the Middle East market especially in the 1970s-80s. That is why Seoul was not enthusiastic to allow Israel to reopen the embassy after 1978. Short time after closing the embassy Israel understood that the decision to close the embassy was a mistake, but it had to wait more than a decade until Seoul was sure that reopening the embassy will not affect its trade with the Arab world.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>All the best<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Alon <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"ParkAvenue BT";color:#1F497D'>Dr. Alon Levkowitz<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Tel: 972-3-6133045</span><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Fax: 972-722357446<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>http://www.coolcite.com/user/1927#About<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Email: <a href="mailto:levko@smile.net.il">levko@smile.net.il</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><img border=0 width=122 height=66 id="_x05ea__x05de__x05d5__x05e0__x05d4__x0020_1" src="cid:image003.jpg@01CE2CA4.AF1CEC10" alt="emblem 50 years - Korea[1]"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Koreanstudies [mailto:koreanstudies-bounces@koreaweb.ws] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Balazs Szalontai<br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, March 29, 2013 11:29 AM<br><b>To:</b> Korean Studies Discussion List<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [KS] ROK-Israel<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'>Dear Jiyul,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'>thanks a lot for this valuable information! I may add that Park Chung Hee's "The Country, the Revolution, and I" adopted a sort of non-committal attitude toward the Arab-Israeli dispute in the sense that he did express admiration of Israel's well-organized efforts to create a developed country in the middle of the desert, but at the same time he listed Egyptian President Nasser as one of his role models (Kemal Ataturk of Turkey and Ayub Khan of Pakistan being two others). This was quite in accordance with his diplomacy in the early and mid-1960s, for as early as this period, he sought to establish contacts with as many Third World states as possible. In 1961, both South and North Korea asked Egypt for the establishment of ambassadorial relations, but at that stage, the Egyptians felt it sufficient to establish only consulates-general. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'>Alon Levkowitz wrote that the Israeli embassy in Seoul was closed in 1978 (see Levkowitz, "The Republic of Korea and the Middle East: Economics, Diplomacy, and Security," KEI Academic Papers Series 5:6, August 2010).<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'>All the best,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'>Balazs Szalontai<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'>Kwangwoon University, Dept of International Studies<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #1010FF 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:3.75pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black'> Jiyul Kim <<a href="mailto:jiyulkim@gmail.com">jiyulkim@gmail.com</a>><br><b>To:</b> Korean Studies Discussion List <<a href="mailto:koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws">koreanstudies@koreaweb.ws</a>> <br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, 29 March 2013, 11:23<br><b>Subject:</b> [KS] ROK-Israel</span><span style='color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div id=yiv1974589898><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;background:white'><span style='color:black'>On additional related comment to follow up on my last - the MOFAT archive also contains the rather sordid record of ROK-Israeli relations. I can't go into detail as it's been a while since I saw the documents but essentially ROK dragged its heels in establishing a proper diplomatic mission physically located in Israel for so long after Israel set up its embassy that Israel threatened to close it embassy. It finally did in 1972 (the last record in my research time period) and reopened only in 1992. <br><br>The records make it clear that the situation was a mathematical: there were many Arab countries whose UN vote were sought while Israel only had one. This despite the fact that Israel was the first nation to offer assistance when the Korean War started, helped in starting the ROK defense industry in the late 60s,its fortified kibbutz system served as a model for strategic villages set up in Kangwondo in the late 60s-early 70s, and served as an inspirational national model for Park Chung Hee - a small country surrounded by big enemies but survived, became strong and rich and determined its own fate. The exact result Park wanted for SK as he often invoked in his speeches. The oil situation in the 1970s with the heavy industry program Park began probably exacerbated the divide since SK needed Middle Eastern oil.<br><br>JK<br><br><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='color:black'>On 3/28/2013 3:45 PM, Yoo Kwang-On wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><u><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222'>New Documents on the Two Koreas and the Third World</span></u></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><b><span style='font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222'> </span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222'>The North Korea International Documentation Project has recently obtained and translated more than sixty documents from Romanian and Hungarian archives on the struggle between North Korea and South Korea to gain diplomatic recognition from countries across Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America. The documents are being made available to students, researchers, and interested readers through a collection entitled <b><a href="http://digitalarchive.org/collection/146/the-two-koreas-and-the-third-world" target="_blank"><span style='color:#1155CC'>The Two Koreas and the Third World</span></a> </b>on the Wilson Center Digital Archive as part of a broader project on the history of inter-Korean relations supported by the ROK Ministry of Unification.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222'>The inter-Korean struggle took on global dimensions in the late 1970s and early 1980s following the failure of the inter-Korean dialogue (see the collections on the <a href="http://www.digitalarchive.org/collection/124/inter-korean-dialogue-1971-1972" target="_blank"><span style='color:#1155CC'>Inter-Korean Dialogue, 1971-1972</span></a> and the <a href="http://www.digitalarchive.org/collection/126/demise-of-detente-in-korea-1973-1975" target="_blank"><span style='color:#1155CC'>Demise of Detente in Korea, 1973-1975</span></a> for further information). Both Koreas sought allies and supporters across the globe and particularly among countries active in the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). In exchange for diplomatic recognition, North Korea and South Korea often provided economic aid, technical assistance, and military support to countries in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222'>To explore the documents, click here to be redirected to the collection <b><a href="http://digitalarchive.org/collection/146/the-two-koreas-and-the-third-world" target="_blank"><span style='color:#1155CC'>The Two Koreas and the Third World</span></a> </b>on the Wilson Center Digital Archive.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222'>The translation of these documents and others has been generously supported by the ROK Ministry of Unification.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222'>For more information, please see: <a href="http://bit.ly/WZg849" target="_blank"><span style='color:#1155CC'>http://bit.ly/WZg849</span></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></blockquote><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;background:white'><span style='color:black'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div></div></blockquote></div></div></div></body></html>