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</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left;line-height:160%;vertical-align:baseline" align="left"><b><span style="color:black;line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:16pt" lang="EN-US">On<span> the Romanization of Korean Surnames </span></span></b><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"></span></p>
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</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left;line-height:160%;vertical-align:baseline" align="left"><font color="#000000"><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US">Sang-Oak Lee </span><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"></span></font></p>
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</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left;line-height:160%;vertical-align:baseline" align="left"><font color="#000000"><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US">(Seoul National University)</span><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"></span></font></p>
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</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left;line-height:160%;vertical-align:baseline" align="left"><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p>
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</font><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left;line-height:160%;vertical-align:baseline" align="left"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US">The current official system of
Romanization adopted by the Ministry of Culture in 2000 states that
"surnames are not required to follow the new system." This has created
a situation in which long used popular forms, the current Ministry of Culture
(MC or RR) system, and the McCune-Reischauer (MR) system are all being used for
surnames based on individual preference. The situation has created considerable
confusion and the Korean government has asked the </span><span style="font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"">‘<span lang="EN-US">SNU team</span>’<span lang="EN-US"> to gather opinions and
conduct research on the issue with the aim of creating a reasonable system for
Romanizing Korean surnames. The issue is particularly important for Koreans who
live and work overseas and who work extensively in international fields. Further discussion in Koreanstudies-request will help us a great
deal in developing a rational<s>e</s> proposal that could gain quite wide
acceptance.</span></span></font></p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left;line-height:160%;vertical-align:baseline" align="left"><span style="font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p>
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</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left;line-height:160%;vertical-align:baseline" align="left"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US">
A questionnaire was used to survey the opinions of members of the general
public as well as participants in <span style="color:black">the ICKL Workshop. </span><span style="background:white">Examination of the specific content of each question
on the survey entitled </span></span><span style="background:white;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"">“<span lang="EN-US">Degrees of
Preference and Dispreference for the Romanization of Korean Surnames</span>” <span lang="EN-US">reveals that the first group of items on the questionnaire were
meant to confirm the degrees of preference of the general public regarding the
27 most prevalent Korean surnames. The method employed was to present a Romanized
form of each surname as an example, and to determine the form considered most
appropriate according to the preferences of the subjects, yet due to length
considerations the content of these first question 27 questions has been
omitted here. </span></span><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"></span></font></p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="background:white;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left" align="left"><font color="#000000"><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US">
</span></font></p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left" align="left"><font color="#000000"><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US">An attempt will now be made to organize
the results of the questionnaire concerning Romanized forms. The points
to be focused on in this presentation and analysis of the survey are: (1) the
degrees of preference about the style of Romanization of sounds such as the
onset consonants ‘</span><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt">ㄱ<span lang="EN-US">’ and ‘</span>ㅈ<span lang="EN-US">,’ the medial vowels ‘</span>ㅓ<span lang="EN-US">’ and ‘</span>ㅜ<span lang="EN-US">,’ and liquids; (2) the degrees of
preference about four proposals; (3) the styles of Romanization already known
to Korean and international subjects; (4) the intention of international
subjects to use a new method of Romanization; (5) the avoidance of negative
word nuance; (6) opinions in support of or against the use of diacritics; and
(7) the purposes, standards (etc.) of Korean Romanization.<span> </span></span></span></font></p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left" align="left"><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p>
<font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left" align="left"><font color="#000000"><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US">The degrees of preference regarding an
initial ‘</span><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt">ㄱ<span lang="EN-US">’ sound indicated approximately 54% approval for the Romanized form ‘K’
and 46% for ‘G,’ confirming a somewhat higher degree of preference for the
former. For an initial ‘</span>ㅈ<span lang="EN-US">’ sound the degrees of
preference stood at 79% for ‘J’ and 21% for ‘Ch.’ However, in the case of the
surname ‘</span>조<span lang="EN-US">’ the degree of preference for ‘Ch’ was
relatively higher, with the spelling ‘Cho’ rated at 46% as opposed to 54% for ‘Jo.’
This is considered to be due to the strong influence of spelling conventions
for the case of the surname ‘</span>조<span lang="EN-US">,’ and excluding this
particular surname, the total degree of preference for an initial ‘</span>ㅈ<span lang="EN-US">’ sound came out at about 85% in favor of ‘J.’ <span> </span></span></span></font></p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left" align="left"><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p>
<font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left" align="left"><font color="#000000"><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US">For the medial vowel ‘</span><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt">ㅓ<span lang="EN-US">’ the results of the
survey indicated a higher degree of preference for the Romanized form ‘eo,’
which received approximately 62% approval in comparison to ‘u’ at 38%. For the
medial vowel ‘</span>ㅜ<span lang="EN-US">’ the form ‘oo’ was rated higher than ‘u,’
with degrees of preference of about 55% and 45%, respectively. However, if we
separate the survey results of Korean participants from those of foreign
participants and examine them once again, it is revealed that the proportions
of preference for the Romanized form of the medial vowel ‘</span>ㅜ<span lang="EN-US">’ are divided according to nationality, with Korean participants
choosing ‘oo’ over ‘u’ at a ratio of 61:39 in contrast to the ratio of 39:61
for foreigners.<span> </span></span></span></font></p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left" align="left"><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p>
<font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left" align="left"><font color="#000000"><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US">Out of all the surnames included in
the survey, some of the surnames (</span><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt">노<span lang="EN-US">, </span>유<span lang="EN-US">, </span>이<span lang="EN-US">,
</span>임<span lang="EN-US">, etc.) involved the representation of liquid sounds,
but because the preferences regarding the Romanization of these liquid sounds
differed greatly according to particular surnames, the results must be analyzed
separately for different names. To begin with, the degree of preference for
representing the surname ‘</span>노<span lang="EN-US">’ with a liquid consonant
(e.g. Ro, Roh) was quite low at 14%, while that for the surname ‘</span>유<span lang="EN-US">’ was even lower, with the Romanized form ‘Ryu’ receiving a mere 3%
approval rating. In contrast, the degrees of preference for representing the
initial sounds of the surnames ‘</span>이<span lang="EN-US">’ and ‘</span>임<span lang="EN-US">’ with a liquid consonant were high, with the preference for ‘Lee’
indicated as 70% and that for ‘Lim’ at 46%. These results are analyzed as being
due to the influence of spelling conventions.</span></span></font></p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left" align="left"><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p>
<font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left" align="left"><font color="#000000"><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US">Regarding the proposed plan to avoid Romanized
forms of Korean surnames which share the same orthographic representation as
English words with negative meanings (e.g. Bang, Gang), responses indicating
opinions of approval took up about 68% of the total. Looking only at the
responses of Korean participants, approval for the proposal to avoid these forms
rises to roughly 72%. For the surnames ‘</span><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt">노<span lang="EN-US">’ and ‘</span>신<span lang="EN-US">’ which are connected
to this problem, the Romanized forms ‘No’ and ‘Sin’ received preference ratings
of 37% and 36% respectively, figures which are high in comparison to the 32% of
responses which indicated that avoidance of these orthographic representations
is unnecessary. Accordingly, these results can be analyzed as reflecting that
the degrees of preference reported above have no connection to opinions
regarding the problem of spelling avoidance.</span></span></font></p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left" align="left"><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p>
<font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left" align="left"><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000">Approximately 72% of participants
indicated opposition to the use of diacritics (e.g. breves, apostrophes).
Furthermore, regarding the degrees of preference for the four different forms
of Romanization, the 2001 proposal of the National Institute of the Korean
Language (presented as Proposal #1 on the survey) received approval from about
39% of the surveyed participants, a higher degree of support than for any of
the other proposals. This proposal allows for the use of popular forms for some
surnames (e.g. Kim, Lee) along with the systematically prescribed forms (e.g.
Gim, Yi), and if these points are reflected in the results of the above survey,
we can come to the conclusion that the recommended proposal will discourage the
use of diacritics while encouraging the appropriate use of popularized Romanized
forms for some Korean surnames.</font></span></p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left" align="left"><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p>
<font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left" align="left"><font color="#000000"><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US">For the survey question regarding the
four different forms of Romanization, the most preferred proposal by foreign
participants (at 33%) was Proposal #4, which grafts together the MR (McCune-Reischauer)
</span><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US">and </span><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US">MC (Ministry of Culture)
proposals. However, when asked whether they would consider it acceptable if the
Korean government chose a new and somewhat unstructured system of Romanization,
based on popular forms and differing from the four presented proposals, it was
revealed that only about 54% of foreign participants expressed an intention to
use such a system. If this result is taken into account, it can be determined
that the recommended proposal for the Romanization of Korean surnames can
become widely applied both domestically and internationally only if it espouses
a form of Romanization which is both systematic and appropriately in harmony
with the existing form of orthographic representation. </span></font></p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left" align="left"><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p>
<font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left" align="left"><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000">When asked which forms of Romanized
Korean they were already familiar with, 54% of Korean and foreign participants
indicated that they were not familiar with any specific form, while the
remaining participants indicated the highest degrees of recognition for the MC,
MR and MY (Martin-Yale) proposals, in that order. Despite the relatively short
history of the existing proposal, which was established in the year 2000, the
fact that it received the highest degree of recognition (at 29%) suggests that
the government’s policy has had a correspondingly large degree of influence. </font></span></p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left" align="left"><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p>
<font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left" align="left"><span style="line-height:160%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000">Although this question did not appear
on the survey administered to foreign participants, when Korean participants
were asked about the purpose and standards upon which their opinions regarding
the Romanization of Korean names were based, the most popular response was ‘passport
issuance’ at 40%, followed by ‘school instruction’ at 35%. Since these are both
connected to activities within the public sphere, it can be taken as a basis
for concluding that the government’s policy to propagate a system of Romanization
has had a powerful influence. However, it is impossible to say in reality that
the government has displayed strong control over the situation based solely on
the spread of their system for Romanizing Korean surnames. This is because, as
the points referred to below indicate, surnames exist in a domain which is
intimately connected to the characteristics and identity of individuals. Thus,
if a method of Romanization for surnames is to be established, it cannot be concluded
in advance that this method of orthographic representation can be smoothly and
easily propagated merely according to the will of the government.</font></span></p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left" align="left"><span style="font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left" align="left"><span style="font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000">The following
proposal has been prepared based on the above survey. It is hoped that this
proposal will pass through a public hearing and be officially announced by the
Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism.</font></span></p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left" align="left"><span style="font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000"> </font></span></p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left" align="left"><b><span style="font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"><font color="#000000">The Romanization of Surnames (Recommended Proposal)</font></span></b></p>
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</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left;line-height:140%;vertical-align:baseline" align="left"><span style="background:white;color:black;line-height:140%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left;line-height:140%;vertical-align:baseline" align="left"><span style="background:white;color:black;line-height:140%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US">In the Romanization method
which has been in effect since the year 2000, the following stipulations
regarding the principles for the Romanization of names should be inserted after
the section entitled ‘Item 4 (2) The Romanization of surnames will be set
separately.’ </span><span style="color:black;line-height:140%;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"></span></p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="background:white;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left;line-height:160%;vertical-align:baseline" align="left"><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US">(A) The
characters </span><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US">‘</span><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"">ㄱ<span lang="EN-US">’ and
‘</span>ㅂ<span lang="EN-US">’ will be represented as ‘K’ and ‘</span></span><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US">B,’ respectively (with the sole exception of
Park/</span><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"">박<span lang="EN-US">, for which ‘P’ can be used),
and the names ‘</span>이<span lang="EN-US">’ and ‘</span>조<span lang="EN-US">’ can
be standardized as ‘Lee’ and ‘Jo.’ The vowels ‘</span>ㅓ<span lang="EN-US">’ and ‘</span>우<span lang="EN-US">’ can be partially represented as ‘u’ and ‘oo,’ respectively, and
popularized forms such as Noh, Lim, Shin, Shim, Ah, Oh, Woo, Woon, Choi will be
permitted. [Refer to the <b>Surname
Inventory</b> below for details.]</span></span></p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="background:white;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left;line-height:160%;vertical-align:baseline" align="left"><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US">(B) Other
allowed proposals will be shown parenthetically, with the selected proposal listed
first as the main form, and secondarily in parentheses the form represented
according to the system of Romanization used prior to the year 2000 (or another
representation), so that the relationship between the existing proposal and the
popularized representation can be seen. For example: </span><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"">노무석<span lang="EN-US"> No Mu-seok (</span></span><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US">No Mu-s</span><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00d568\00cd08\00b86c\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US">ǒ</span><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US">k) or Noh Mu-seok (Ro Moo-suk). </span><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"></span></p>
<font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left;line-height:160%;vertical-align:baseline" align="left"><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US">(C) Sound changes
that occur in Korean pronunciation will not be reflected in the Romanized
forms. For example, even though the actual Korean pronunciation of the name ‘</span><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"">박명일<span lang="EN-US">’ can be represented more accurately as
‘Bang Myeong-il,’ the unchanged popularized form of the surname ‘Park’ will be
used. Incidentally, a rule has already been previously established to prevent
the mispronunciation of the name ‘</span>명일<span lang="EN-US">’ as ‘Myeon-gil’
instead of ‘Myeong-il’ by means of an inserted hyphen.</span></span></p><font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
</font><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left;line-height:160%;vertical-align:baseline" align="left"><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US">(D) With the
exception of the cases presented above, any problems that may arise regarding
the Romanization of surnames will be settled according to the current system of
Romanization.</span></div><div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left;line-height:160%;vertical-align:baseline" align="left"><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"">김 <span><strong>KIM 노 </strong><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US"><strong>RO or NO </strong><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"">문 <span><strong>MOON or MUN 박</strong><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span><strong><font>PARK</font></strong></span> </font></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left;line-height:160%;vertical-align:baseline" align="left"><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif""><span><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US"><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif""><span><span style="color:black;letter-spacing:-1.4pt;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"">이</span><span style="color:black;letter-spacing:-1.4pt;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="color:black;letter-spacing:-1.4pt;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"">李</span><span style="color:black;letter-spacing:-1.4pt;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US">) <span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"><strong>LEE </strong><span style="color:black;letter-spacing:-1.4pt;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"">이</span><span style="color:black;letter-spacing:-1.4pt;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="color:black;letter-spacing:-1.4pt;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"">異</span><span style="color:black;letter-spacing:-1.4pt;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US">) <span><strong>YI </strong><span style="color:black;letter-spacing:-1.4pt;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"">임</span><span style="color:black;letter-spacing:-1.4pt;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="color:black;letter-spacing:-1.4pt;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"">林</span><span style="color:black;letter-spacing:-1.4pt;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US">) <span><strong>LIM </strong><span style="color:black;letter-spacing:-1.3pt;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"">임</span><span style="color:black;letter-spacing:-1.3pt;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="color:black;letter-spacing:-1.3pt;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"">任</span><span style="color:black;letter-spacing:-1.3pt;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US">)</span><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"></span><strong> <span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US">IM</span></strong></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left;line-height:160%;vertical-align:baseline" align="left"><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif""><span><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif";font-size:10pt" lang="EN-US"><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif""><span><span style="color:black;letter-spacing:-1.4pt;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"><span style="color:black;letter-spacing:-1.4pt;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"><span><span style="color:black;letter-spacing:-1.4pt;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"><span><strong><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"></span><b><span style="color:black;letter-spacing:-0.5pt;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"></span></b></strong></span></span><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"></span></span></span><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"></span></span></span><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"">정 <span><strong>JUNG or JEONG </strong><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"">조 <span><strong>JO </strong><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"">초 <span><strong>CHO </strong></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<font color="#000000" size="3" face="Times New Roman">
<table style="border:currentColor;border-collapse:collapse" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tbody><tr style="height:13.8pt">
<td style="padding:1.4pt 5.1pt;border:1pt solid black;width:33.45pt;height:13.8pt;background-color:transparent" width="56"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="background:white;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left;vertical-align:middle;word-break:keep-all" align="left"><font><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif""></span><span style="color:black;font-family:"\00bc14\00d0d5","serif"" lang="EN-US"></span></font> </p>
<font face="Times New Roman">
</font></td>
<td style="border-width:1pt 1pt 1pt 0px;border-style:solid solid solid none;border-color:black black black rgb(0,0,0);padding:1.4pt 5.1pt;width:121.2pt;height:13.8pt;background-color:transparent" width="202"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font><p style="background:white;margin:0cm 0cm 0pt;text-align:left;line-height:13.8pt;vertical-align:middle;word-break:keep-all" align="left"><font><span><font face="Times New Roman">etc.</font></span></font></p><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</font><br>-- <br>이상억 Sang-Oak Lee/<a href="http://www.sangoak.com">www.sangoak.com</a><br>Prof. Emeritus, Dep't of Korean<br>College of Humanities, Seoul Nat'l Univ.<br>Seoul 151-745, Korea<br>
</div>