<div dir="ltr"><div><blockquote type="cite"><div dir="ltr"><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px">Two Koreas mark the 61st anniversary of the cease-fire on July 27th. </div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:0px">
<br></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:0px">RE: Choi In-Hun's (최인훈, 1936-) 광장 (The Square), 1960,</div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:0px">
<br></div>
<div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:0px">Further to Aidan Foster-Carter and Marion Eggert comments, Mr. Choi In-Hun's <span style="color:rgb(136,136,136);font-family:Arial,sans-serif;line-height:19px"><i>T</i></span><i>he Square</i> was translated into English in 1985 by Kevin O'Rouke and is still available at UK<a href="http://amazon.com/" target="_blank">Amazon.com</a>. </div>
<div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:0px"><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:0px">RE: The 76 Prisoners of War that chose to repatriated to India and Brazil</div>
<div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:0px"><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:0px">According to the attached U.S. Army reports, out of a total of 82,493 South Korean and North Korean Prisoners of War, 76 (2 from the South and 74 from the North) opted to go to the third countries rather than their country of origin. They first went to India with the Custodial Forces of India(CFI) in late 1953.</div>
<div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:0px"><br></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:0px">According to the video Brother Anthony posted, they stayed in India until 1956 and then</div>
<div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:0px">50 of them moved to Brazil, as cited on an entry on <a href="http://chosun.com/" target="_blank">Chosun.com</a>, dated November 18, 2011.</div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:0px">
<span style="font-family:arial;font-size:small">At that time 18 of the ex-POWs were still living. Three of them were Pastors.</span></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:0px"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:small"><br>
</span></div><div style="margin-bottom:0px"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:small">Broter Anthony's video: </span><a href="http://www.britishpathe.com/video/korean-ex-pows-move-to-brazil" target="_blank">http://www.britishpathe.com/video/korean-ex-pows-move-to-brazil</a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom:0px"><br></div><div style="margin-bottom:0px">Chosun.com article in Korean:<a href="http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/11/18/2011111800164.html" style="font-size:13px;font-family:arial,sans-serif" target="_blank">http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/11/18/2011111800164.html</a></div>
</div></blockquote><blockquote type="cite" style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px"><div dir="ltr"><div style="margin-bottom:0px">
<span style="font-family:arial;font-size:small"><br></span></div><div style="margin-bottom:0px"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:small">Regards,</span></div><div style="margin-bottom:0px"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:small"><br>
</span></div><div style="margin-bottom:0px"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:small">Yoo Kwang-On</span></div><div style="margin-bottom:0px"><span style="font-family:arial;font-size:small"><br></span></div></div></blockquote>
</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Jul 24, 2014 at 5:09 AM, Stanley Underdal <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:stanleyju@hotmail.com" target="_blank">stanleyju@hotmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Another possible novel might be War Trash by Ha Jin. This novel focused primarily on the Chinese prisoners on Koje-do and described the selection process for those who wanted to go back to China or to a third country.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Repectfully,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">--Stanley Underdal<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="14767dcc5115e04c__MailEndCompose"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Koreanstudies [mailto:<a href="mailto:koreanstudies-bounces@koreanstudies.com" target="_blank">koreanstudies-bounces@koreanstudies.com</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>John Eperjesi<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, July 24, 2014 4:58 AM<br><b>To:</b> Korean Studies Discussion List<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [KS] North Koreans in Brazil?<u></u><u></u></span></p><div><div class="h5"><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<div><p class="MsoNormal">Thank you all, very helpful!<u></u><u></u></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><u></u> <u></u></p><div><p class="MsoNormal">On Thu, Jul 24, 2014 at 5:49 PM, Marion Eggert <<a href="mailto:marion.eggert@rub.de" target="_blank">marion.eggert@rub.de</a>> wrote:<u></u><u></u></p>
<div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">Dear Aidan,<br><br>The novel you have in mind must be The Square (Kwangjang) by Ch'oe Inhun. The protagonist, originally an inhabitant of the South who went north before the war and ended up as North Korean POW, is on a ship to India at the beginning of the novel, but he never arrives there, chosing death in the ocean instead. <br>
<br>Regards,<br>Marion<u></u><u></u></p><div><p class="MsoNormal">Am <a href="tel:24.07.2014%2008" value="+12407201408" target="_blank">24.07.2014 08</a>:32, schrieb <a href="mailto:Afostercarter@aol.com" target="_blank">Afostercarter@aol.com</a>:<u></u><u></u></p>
</div><div><div><blockquote style="margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt"><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black">Dear all,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black">Paul Yoon is not the first writer to make fiction of this particular<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black">tragic twist in the Korean War tale: those POWs who chose to<u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black">emigrate rather than live in either half of their divided country.<u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black">20 years ago or more, a Korean novel explored the same terrain,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black">somewhat allegorically. There, the protagonist ended up in India.<u></u><u></u></span></p></div>
<div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black">This book was translated into English. I bought and read it, but I <u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black">can't now find it; nor alas do I recall either the author or the title.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black">I'm sure Brother Anthony and many others can supply those.<u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black">Just call me<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black">Amnesiac in Angleterre<u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black">Aidan Foster-Carter</span></b><span style="color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black">Honorary Senior Research Fellow in Sociology & Modern Korea, Leeds University, UK</span></i><span style="color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black">_________________________<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black">In a message dated 24/07/2014 03:14:10 GMT Daylight Time, <a href="mailto:ansonjae@sogang.ac.kr" target="_blank">ansonjae@sogang.ac.kr</a> writes:<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt"><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:13.5pt"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">The fate of (North Korean or Chinese) prisoners of war (many in the camp in Geoje-do) was one of the main issues that kept the armistice negociations stalled for 2 years, with the particular question of what to do about those who did not wish to be repatriated _or_ integrated into South Korea . Finally the UN set up the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission in Korea, their freedom of choice was repected and they were given the option of going to live in a third nation. The term "neutral nations" was defined as those nations whose combat forces did not participate in the hostilities in Korea. The United Nations Command chose Switzerland and Sweden, while the Korean People's Army and Chinese People's Volunteers chose Czechoslovakia and Poland.<br>
<br>Korean prisoners of war wishing to live in a third country were shipped by the United Nations to India, Brazil, and Argentina in the year leading up to the 1954 Geneva Conference on Korea and Indochina.<br><br>A news movie of North Korean moving to Brazil can be seen at <a href="http://www.britishpathe.com/video/korean-ex-pows-move-to-brazil" target="_blank">http://www.britishpathe.com/video/korean-ex-pows-move-to-brazil</a> <br>
<br>Brother Anthony<br>President, RASKB etc</span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black"><u></u><u></u></span></p></blockquote><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black">--------------<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><br></span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black">_____________________________<u></u><u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black">In a message dated 24/07/2014 01:34:58 GMT Daylight Time, <a href="mailto:john.eperjesi@gmail.com" target="_blank">john.eperjesi@gmail.com</a> writes:<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt"><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">In Korean American writer Paul Yoon's new Korean War novel "Snow Hunters," a North Korean soldier spends two years in POW camp "near the southern coast" of South Korea, "near an airbase."</span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">After the war, rather than be repatriated, he is given the chance to move to Brazil, which he does.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Can anyone help with materials than can develop the historical context for the POW camp and/or North Korean migration to Brazil after the war?<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Much thanks in advance,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">John<u></u><u></u></span></p></div></div></blockquote></div></div><blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><br></span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black"> <u></u><u></u></span></p>
</blockquote></div><blockquote style="border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 4.0pt;margin-left:3.75pt;margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt"><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><br>
</span><span style="font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";color:black"> <u></u><u></u></span></p></blockquote></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p></div></div><pre><span style="color:#888888">-- <u></u><u></u></span></pre>
<pre><span style="color:#888888">Prof. Dr. Marion Eggert<u></u><u></u></span></pre><pre><span style="color:#888888">Ruhr-Universität Bochum<u></u><u></u></span></pre><pre><span style="color:#888888">Sprache und Kultur Koreas<u></u><u></u></span></pre>
<pre><span style="color:#888888">GB 1/46<u></u><u></u></span></pre><pre><span style="color:#888888">D-44780 Bochum<u></u><u></u></span></pre></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p></div></div></div></div></div>
</blockquote></div><br></div>