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<body class='hmmessage'><div dir='ltr'>Dear Prof. Torrey,<div>This is not a government thing and a different topic, yet we need to consider domestic violence and private punishment of women in the 19th century Korea.</div><div>Even in the 1890s a zealous husband cut fingers and nose of her wife (poor ordinary family in Seoul), which was one of the most harsh punishments to the criminals, took two children from her, and abandoned her. I do not know if he was punished for his behavior. </div><div>Best,</div><div>Sung Deuk Oak</div><div>UCLA</div><div><br></div><div><br><div><hr id="stopSpelling">From: sunjookim1@hotmail.com<br>To: koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com<br>Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2015 13:40:33 -0500<br>Subject: Re: [KS] punishment of women in Choson<br><br>
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<div dir="ltr"><br><font style="font-size:8pt;" color="black" size="1" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;"><font style="font-size:8pt;" color="black" size="1" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;">Dear Deberniere
Torrey,<br>First of all, let me note that the book, <i>Wrongful Deaths</i>, is a coauthored book by Sun Joo Kim and Jungwon Kim.<br>Second, I disagree with the statement: "</span></font></span></font><font style="font-size:8pt;" color="black" size="1" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;"><font style="font-size:8pt;" color="black" size="1" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;"><font style="font-size:8pt;" color="black" size="1" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;">the Choson state was more lenient toward <span>women</span> as criminals, since they were
considered subject to and therefore less responsible than men."<br></span></font>The above-mentioned book discusses the topic--how women were differently treated depending on their social status and the kinds of crimes women committed . For example, if you see pages 16-17, authors explain that there were different procedures applying to examine women's dead body, quoting the <i>Coroner's Guide for the Elimination of Grievances (MuwOllok) </i>and other sources. In pages 23-24, authors point out, "the level of punishment differed in accordance with the offender's status: capital punishment was encoded for an adulteress of yangban status from the early sixteenth century onward, while an adulterous commoner woman in the late ChosOn was often enslaved..." again quoting various sources. You can see in this statement that women sometimes received harsher treatment. If you continue to read this chapter and others involving female victims and criminals, you will find other relevant discussions addressing your question. If you don't have time to read the entire book carefully, index might be a good start.<br>Yours,<br>Sun Joo Kim<br></span></font></span></font><br><br><div><hr id="ecxstopSpelling">Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2015 14:41:57 +0100<br>From: yoneun@gmail.com<br>To: jim@jhoare10.fsnet.co.uk; koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com<br>Subject: [KS] punishment of women in Choson<br><br><div dir="ltr"><font face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Tahoma;"></span></font><div class="ecxgmail_extra">
<p class="ecxMsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;">This might help you, though it’s not
directly your subject: Kim, Nayeon. 2012. “Indoctrinating Female Virture: the
Social use of Chosŏn Woodblock Prints” (paper presented at Eighth Worldwide
Consortium of Korean Studies Centers Workshop, July 4-7, 2012, Seoul, South
Korea). Or at least the bibliography at the end can help.</span></p><p class="ecxMsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;"><br></span></p>
<p class="ecxMsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;">Samgang Haengsildo (</span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Malgun Gothic",sans-serif;" lang="KO">三綱行實圖</span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;">, Illustrated Exemplars of the Three Bonds) was commissioned in
1428 by King Sejong (1418-1450) for the purpose of ‘people education’ and
woodblock-printed in 1434 (Kim, Nayeon 2012: 225, 228, 232). The Three Bonds
describe the three social structures, the three ethical obligations of loyalty
and servitude. The subject must serve the king, the son or daughter must serve
the parent, and the wife must serve the husband. Thus formulated moral and
social obligations show that women were traditionally included among the
subjects of virtue in East-Asia. But this is theory, and practice might be
different. Interesting question in this respect is whether children were considered
less responsible for crimes than their parents, as according to Three Bonds
sons and daughters are subjected to parents just as wives are subjected to
husbands. </span></p>
<br></div><div class="ecxgmail_extra">Victoria Ten<br></div><div class="ecxgmail_extra">Leiden University<br></div><div class="ecxgmail_extra"><br><div class="ecxgmail_quote">On Thu, Feb 5, 2015 at 9:52 AM, Jim Hoare <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:jim@jhoare10.fsnet.co.uk" target="_blank">jim@jhoare10.fsnet.co.uk</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="ecxgmail_quote" style="border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex;">
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<p class="ecxMsoNormal"><b><font face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold;">From:</span></font></b><font face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Tahoma;"> Koreanstudies
[mailto:<a href="mailto:koreanstudies-bounces@koreanstudies.com" target="_blank">koreanstudies-bounces@koreanstudies.com</a>] <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">On Behalf Of </span></b>DeberniereTorrey<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold;">Sent:</span></b> 04 February 2015 23:35<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold;">To:</span></b>
<a href="mailto:koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com" target="_blank">koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com</a><br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold;">Subject:</span></b> [KS] punishment of women
in Choson</span></font></p>
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<p class="ecxMsoNormal" style="background:none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><font color="black" size="1" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;">Dear
Members:</span></font></p>
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<p class="ecxMsoNormal" style="background:none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><font color="black" size="1" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;">I'm
trying to track down an authoritative reference for a claim that I've come
across in several scholarly sources (both English and Korean), none of which
gives a citation for this information: <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">that the Choson state was more lenient toward <span>women</span> as criminals, since they were
considered subject to and therefore less responsible than men</span></b>. The
statement fits my understanding of Choson values and legislation, but I have
yet to find a specific reference. Deuchler's <i><span style="font-style:italic;">Confucian
Transformation</span></i> briefly mentions cases of leniency toward <i><span style="font-style:italic;">yangban </span></i><span>women</span>, but goes no further. I've
read that the Ming code was somewhat lenient toward female criminals, placing
them in the custody of family members rather than in jail, and I understand the
Choson criminal code was based on the Ming code. I've also checked <i><span><span style="font-style:italic;">Women</span> and Confucianism in Choson</span></i> by
Pettid and Kim, as well as the recent <i><span style="font-style:italic;">Wrongful Deaths</span></i> by Sunjoo Kim, but haven't
found specific reference to the above topic in these sources. Any help would be
appreciated. </span></font></p>
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<p class="ecxMsoNormal" style="background:none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><font color="black" size="1" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;">Thank
you,</span></font></p>
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<p class="ecxMsoNormal" style="background:none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><font color="black" size="1" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;">Deberniere
Torrey</span></font></p>
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