<html><body><div style="color:#000; background-color:#fff; font-family:HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif;font-size:16px"><div id="yiv7971873332"><div style="color:#000;background-color:#fff;font-family:HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif;font-size:16px;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_16068"><div id="yiv7971873332"><div id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423350516153_106784" style="color:#000;background-color:#fff;font-family:HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div dir="ltr" id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423350516153_7592"><span id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423350516153_7598">Dear Members,</span></div><div id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423350516153_7594" dir="ltr"><span id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423350516153_7593">My question about the source of the claim that women were given lenience in the Choson justice system elicited many helpful responses, both publicly and in emails sent directly to me, with a wealth of sources that I look forward to examining. Opinions as to whether or not the statement is true (not my primary question, but also of interest to me), seem to fall on both sides in these communications. I should have clarified my comment about <i id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423350516153_10789">Wrongful Deaths</i>, which was intended to mean that I didn't find a discussion of a general policy toward women as a category in relation to crimes that might result from their subservient relationship to male relatives, not that the book did not address women as victims and criminals. However, the authors do mention that the Choson legal system, unlike the imperial Chinese system, "recognized everyone as an independent legal subject, regardless of gender and status" (p.21 and fn. 48), a statement which, alongside the specific criminal categories and cases treated in the book, indeed reveals aspects that trouble or complicate such a claim of lenience.<br></span></div><div id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423350516153_26710" dir="ltr"><span id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423350516153_7593">Thanks to all for your input.</span></div><div id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423350516153_26711" dir="ltr"><span id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423350516153_7593">Deberniere Torrey</span></div> <div id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423350516153_106785" class="yiv7971873332qtdSeparateBR"><br><br></div><div style="display: block;" class="yiv7971873332yahoo_quoted" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_22066"> <div style="font-family:HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif;font-size:16px;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_22065"> <div style="font-family:HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif;font-size:16px;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_22064"> <div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_22063"> <font size="2" face="Arial" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_22088"> On Friday, February 6, 2015 10:00 AM, "koreanstudies-request@koreanstudies.com" <koreanstudies-request@koreanstudies.com> wrote:<br> </font> </div> <br><br> <div class="yiv7971873332y_msg_container" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_22577">----- Forwarded Message -----<br><br>Send Koreanstudies mailing list submissions to<br> <a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_25684">koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com</a><br><br>To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit<br> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://koreanstudies.com/mailman/listinfo/koreanstudies_koreanstudies.com" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_25685">http://koreanstudies.com/mailman/listinfo/koreanstudies_koreanstudies.com</a><br><br>or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to<br> <a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies-request@koreanstudies.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies-request@koreanstudies.com" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_25686">koreanstudies-request@koreanstudies.com</a><br><br>You can reach the person managing the list at<br> <a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies-owner@koreanstudies.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies-owner@koreanstudies.com" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_25687">koreanstudies-owner@koreanstudies.com</a><br><br>!!!!!!!!! When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more<br>specific than "Re: Contents of Koreanstudies digest..." !!!!!!!!!<br><br><<------------ KoreanStudies mailing list DIGEST ------------>><br> <br>Today's Topics:<br><br> 1. Re: punishment of women in Choson (McCann, David)<br> 2. Re: punishment of women in Choson (Clark W Sorensen)<br> 3. Re: punishment of women in Choson (Sun Joo Kim)<br> 4. Re: punishment of women in Choson (Sung Deuk Oak)<br> 5. Re: punishment of women in Choson (Jisoo Kim)<br> 6. Re: Koreanstudies Digest, Vol 140, Issue 4 (DeberniereTorrey)<br> 7. Re: punishment of women in Choson (Jim)<br> 8. Re: punishment of women in Choson (Henny Savenije)<br> 9. The 2015 World Congress for Korean Politics and Society<br> (World Congress Korea)<br><div id="yiv7971873332">
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There are the legal practices and protocols, but also relevant it seems to me is the situation of Ch'unhyang, flogged and sentenced to death for refusing the advances of the outsider magistrate. We all may recall how at each stroke of the cudgel she recited
a passage from the rules and regulations, starting with <i>One</i>, for one heart, loyal… using the same four Chinese characters that Chông Mongju put into the final line of the sijo he is said to have replied with when the Yi crowd tried to win him over
with a rambling sijo. I say "said to" as there's no historical record of the banquet, but a very different account of Chông's death in the Koryôsa, which as we know was compiled under that Yi crowd's dominion and direction.
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<div>David McCann</div>
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<div>On Feb 5, 2015, at 8:41 AM, Victoria Ten <<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:yoneun@gmail.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:yoneun@gmail.com">yoneun@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div>
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<div class="yiv7971873332MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;">This might help you, though it’s not directly your subject: Kim, Nayeon. 2012. “Indoctrinating Female Virture: the Social use of Chosŏn Woodblock Prints”
(paper presented at Eighth Worldwide Consortium of Korean Studies Centers Workshop, July 4-7, 2012, Seoul, South Korea). Or at least the bibliography at the end can help.</span></div>
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<div class="yiv7971873332MsoNormal" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_24277"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;">Samgang Haengsildo (</span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;" lang="KO">三綱行實圖</span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_24276">,
Illustrated Exemplars of the Three Bonds) was commissioned in 1428 by King Sejong (1418-1450) for the purpose of ‘people education’ and woodblock-printed in 1434 (Kim, Nayeon 2012: 225, 228, 232). The Three Bonds describe the three social structures, the three
ethical obligations of loyalty and servitude. The subject must serve the king, the son or daughter must serve the parent, and the wife must serve the husband. Thus formulated moral and social obligations show that women were traditionally included among the
subjects of virtue in East-Asia. But this is theory, and practice might be different. Interesting question in this respect is whether children were considered less responsible for crimes than their parents, as according to Three Bonds sons and daughters are
subjected to parents just as wives are subjected to husbands. </span></div>
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<div class="yiv7971873332gmail_extra" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_24258">Victoria Ten<br>
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<div class="yiv7971873332gmail_extra">Leiden University<br>
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<div class="yiv7971873332gmail_extra" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_22878"><br>
<div class="yiv7971873332gmail_quote" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_22877">On Thu, Feb 5, 2015 at 9:52 AM, Jim Hoare <span dir="ltr">
<<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:jim@jhoare10.fsnet.co.uk" target="_blank" href="mailto:jim@jhoare10.fsnet.co.uk">jim@jhoare10.fsnet.co.uk</a>></span> wrote:<br>
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<div class="yiv7971873332MsoNormal" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_24260"><b><font face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold;">From:</span></font></b><font face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Tahoma;"> Koreanstudies [mailto:<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies-bounces@koreanstudies.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies-bounces@koreanstudies.com">koreanstudies-bounces@koreanstudies.com</a>]
<b><span style="font-weight:bold;">On Behalf Of </span></b>DeberniereTorrey<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold;">Sent:</span></b> 04 February 2015 23:35<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold;">To:</span></b> <a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com">
koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com</a><br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold;">Subject:</span></b> [KS] punishment of women in Choson</span></font></div>
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<div class="yiv7971873332MsoNormal" style="background:none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_22871"><font size="1" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;">I'm trying to track down an authoritative reference for a claim that I've come across in several scholarly
sources (both English and Korean), none of which gives a citation for this information:
<b><span style="font-weight:bold;">that the Choson state was more lenient toward <span>
women</span> as criminals, since they were considered subject to and therefore less responsible than men</span></b>. The statement fits my understanding of Choson values and legislation, but I have yet to find a specific reference. Deuchler's
<i><span style="font-style:italic;">Confucian Transformation</span></i> briefly mentions cases of leniency toward
<i><span style="font-style:italic;">yangban </span></i><span>women</span>, but goes no further. I've read that the Ming code was somewhat lenient toward female criminals, placing them in the custody of family members rather than in jail, and I understand the
Choson criminal code was based on the Ming code. I've also checked <i><span><span style="font-style:italic;">Women</span> and Confucianism in Choson</span></i> by Pettid and Kim, as well as the recent
<i><span style="font-style:italic;">Wrongful Deaths</span></i> by Sunjoo Kim, but haven't found specific reference to the above topic in these sources. Any help would be appreciated. </span></font></div>
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<div class="yiv7971873332MsoNormal" style="background:none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><font size="1" face="Helvetica"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;">Thank you,</span></font></div>
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</div>Deberniere,<br><br>The University of Washington Press has issued a translation of the Ming Code (translated by Hang Yonglin) that might speed up your research.<br><br>Clark Sorensen<br><br>On Wed, 4 Feb 2015, DeberniereTorrey wrote:<br><br>> Dear Members:<br>> I'm trying to track down an authoritative reference for a claim that I've come across in several scholarly sources (both English and<br>> Korean), none of which gives a citation for this information: that the Choson state was more lenient toward women as criminals, since<br>> they were considered subject to and therefore less responsible than men. The statement fits my understanding of Choson values and<br>> legislation, but I have yet to find a specific reference. Deuchler's Confucian Transformation briefly mentions cases of leniency toward<br>> yangban women, but goes no further. I've read that the Ming code was somewhat lenient toward female criminals, placing them in the<br>> custody of family members rather than in jail, and I understand the Choson criminal code was based on the Ming code. I've also checked<br>> Women and Confucianism in Choson by Pettid and Kim, as well as the recent Wrongful Deaths by Sunjoo Kim, but haven't found specific<br>> reference to the above topic in these sources. Any help would be appreciated. <br>> Thank you,<br>> Deberniere Torrey<br>> <br>> <br>><br><div id="yiv7971873332">
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<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_23124"><div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_23123"><br><font style="font-size:8pt;" size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;"><font style="font-size:8pt;" size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;">Dear Deberniere
Torrey,<br>First of all, let me note that the book, <i>Wrongful Deaths</i>, is a coauthored book by Sun Joo Kim and Jungwon Kim.<br>Second, I disagree with the statement: "</span></font></span></font><font style="font-size:8pt;" size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_23122"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_23121"><font style="font-size:8pt;" size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_23120"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_23119"><font style="font-size:8pt;" size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;">the Choson state was more lenient toward <span>women</span> as criminals, since they were
considered subject to and therefore less responsible than men."<br></span></font>The above-mentioned book discusses the topic--how women were differently treated depending on their social status and the kinds of crimes women committed . For example, if you see pages 16-17, authors explain that there were different procedures applying to examine women's dead body, quoting the <i>Coroner's Guide for the Elimination of Grievances (MuwOllok) </i>and other sources. In pages 23-24, authors point out, "the level of punishment differed in accordance with the offender's status: capital punishment was encoded for an adulteress of yangban status from the early sixteenth century onward, while an adulterous commoner woman in the late ChosOn was often enslaved..." again quoting various sources. You can see in this statement that women sometimes received harsher treatment. If you continue to read this chapter and others involving female victims and criminals, you will find other relevant discussions addressing your question. If you don't have time to read the entire book carefully, index might be a good start.<br>Yours,<br>Sun Joo Kim<br></span></font></span></font><br><br><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_23134"><hr id="yiv7971873332stopSpelling">Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2015 14:41:57 +0100<br>From: yoneun@gmail.com<br>To: jim@jhoare10.fsnet.co.uk; koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com<br>Subject: [KS] punishment of women in Choson<br><br><div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_23140"><font face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Tahoma;"></span></font><div class="yiv7971873332ecxgmail_extra" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_23139">
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_23138"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;">This might help you, though it’s not
directly your subject: Kim, Nayeon. 2012. “Indoctrinating Female Virture: the
Social use of Chosŏn Woodblock Prints” (paper presented at Eighth Worldwide
Consortium of Korean Studies Centers Workshop, July 4-7, 2012, Seoul, South
Korea). Or at least the bibliography at the end can help.</span></div><div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_24262"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;"><br></span></div>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_23145"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;">Samgang Haengsildo (</span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;" lang="KO">三綱行實圖</span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_23144">, Illustrated Exemplars of the Three Bonds) was commissioned in
1428 by King Sejong (1418-1450) for the purpose of ‘people education’ and
woodblock-printed in 1434 (Kim, Nayeon 2012: 225, 228, 232). The Three Bonds
describe the three social structures, the three ethical obligations of loyalty
and servitude. The subject must serve the king, the son or daughter must serve
the parent, and the wife must serve the husband. Thus formulated moral and
social obligations show that women were traditionally included among the
subjects of virtue in East-Asia. But this is theory, and practice might be
different. Interesting question in this respect is whether children were considered
less responsible for crimes than their parents, as according to Three Bonds
sons and daughters are subjected to parents just as wives are subjected to
husbands. </span></div>
<br></div><div class="yiv7971873332ecxgmail_extra">Victoria Ten<br></div><div class="yiv7971873332ecxgmail_extra">Leiden University<br></div><div class="yiv7971873332ecxgmail_extra" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_24269"><br><div class="yiv7971873332ecxgmail_quote" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_24268">On Thu, Feb 5, 2015 at 9:52 AM, Jim Hoare <span dir="ltr"><<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:jim@jhoare10.fsnet.co.uk" target="_blank" href="mailto:jim@jhoare10.fsnet.co.uk">jim@jhoare10.fsnet.co.uk</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="yiv7971873332ecxgmail_quote" style="border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex;" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_24267">
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<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_24263"><b><font face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold;">From:</span></font></b><font face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Tahoma;"> Koreanstudies
[mailto:<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies-bounces@koreanstudies.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies-bounces@koreanstudies.com">koreanstudies-bounces@koreanstudies.com</a>] <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">On Behalf Of </span></b>DeberniereTorrey<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold;">Sent:</span></b> 04 February 2015 23:35<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold;">To:</span></b>
<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com">koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com</a><br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold;">Subject:</span></b> [KS] punishment of women
in Choson</span></font></div>
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<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal" style="background:none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><font size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;">Dear
Members:</span></font></div>
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<div>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal" style="background:none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><font size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;">I'm
trying to track down an authoritative reference for a claim that I've come
across in several scholarly sources (both English and Korean), none of which
gives a citation for this information: <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">that the Choson state was more lenient toward <span>women</span> as criminals, since they were
considered subject to and therefore less responsible than men</span></b>. The
statement fits my understanding of Choson values and legislation, but I have
yet to find a specific reference. Deuchler's <i><span style="font-style:italic;">Confucian
Transformation</span></i> briefly mentions cases of leniency toward <i><span style="font-style:italic;">yangban </span></i><span>women</span>, but goes no further. I've
read that the Ming code was somewhat lenient toward female criminals, placing
them in the custody of family members rather than in jail, and I understand the
Choson criminal code was based on the Ming code. I've also checked <i><span><span style="font-style:italic;">Women</span> and Confucianism in Choson</span></i> by
Pettid and Kim, as well as the recent <i><span style="font-style:italic;">Wrongful Deaths</span></i> by Sunjoo Kim, but haven't
found specific reference to the above topic in these sources. Any help would be
appreciated. </span></font></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal" style="background:none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><font size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;">Thank
you,</span></font></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal" style="background:none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><font size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;">Deberniere
Torrey</span></font></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal" style="background:none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><font size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;"> </span></font></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote></div><br></div></div></div> </div></div>
</div><div id="yiv7971873332">
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<div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_24272"><div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_24271">Dear Prof. Torrey,<div>This is not a government thing and a different topic, yet we need to consider domestic violence and private punishment of women in the 19th century Korea.</div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_24270">Even in the 1890s a zealous husband cut fingers and nose of her wife (poor ordinary family in Seoul), which was one of the most harsh punishments to the criminals, took two children from her, and abandoned her. I do not know if he was punished for his behavior. </div><div>Best,</div><div>Sung Deuk Oak</div><div>UCLA</div><div><br></div><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_24275"><br><div id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_24274"><hr id="yiv7971873332stopSpelling">From: sunjookim1@hotmail.com<br>To: koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com<br>Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2015 13:40:33 -0500<br>Subject: Re: [KS] punishment of women in Choson<br><br>
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<div dir="ltr" id="yui_3_16_0_1_1423421369998_24273"><br><font style="font-size:8pt;" size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;"><font style="font-size:8pt;" size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;">Dear Deberniere
Torrey,<br>First of all, let me note that the book, <i>Wrongful Deaths</i>, is a coauthored book by Sun Joo Kim and Jungwon Kim.<br>Second, I disagree with the statement: "</span></font></span></font><font style="font-size:8pt;" size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;"><font style="font-size:8pt;" size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;"><font style="font-size:8pt;" size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;">the Choson state was more lenient toward <span>women</span> as criminals, since they were
considered subject to and therefore less responsible than men."<br></span></font>The above-mentioned book discusses the topic--how women were differently treated depending on their social status and the kinds of crimes women committed . For example, if you see pages 16-17, authors explain that there were different procedures applying to examine women's dead body, quoting the <i>Coroner's Guide for the Elimination of Grievances (MuwOllok) </i>and other sources. In pages 23-24, authors point out, "the level of punishment differed in accordance with the offender's status: capital punishment was encoded for an adulteress of yangban status from the early sixteenth century onward, while an adulterous commoner woman in the late ChosOn was often enslaved..." again quoting various sources. You can see in this statement that women sometimes received harsher treatment. If you continue to read this chapter and others involving female victims and criminals, you will find other relevant discussions addressing your question. If you don't have time to read the entire book carefully, index might be a good start.<br>Yours,<br>Sun Joo Kim<br></span></font></span></font><br><br><div><hr id="yiv7971873332ecxstopSpelling">Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2015 14:41:57 +0100<br>From: yoneun@gmail.com<br>To: jim@jhoare10.fsnet.co.uk; koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com<br>Subject: [KS] punishment of women in Choson<br><br><div dir="ltr"><font face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Tahoma;"></span></font><div class="yiv7971873332ecxgmail_extra">
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;">This might help you, though it’s not
directly your subject: Kim, Nayeon. 2012. “Indoctrinating Female Virture: the
Social use of Chosŏn Woodblock Prints” (paper presented at Eighth Worldwide
Consortium of Korean Studies Centers Workshop, July 4-7, 2012, Seoul, South
Korea). Or at least the bibliography at the end can help.</span></div><div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;"><br></span></div>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;">Samgang Haengsildo (</span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;" lang="KO">三綱行實圖</span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;">, Illustrated Exemplars of the Three Bonds) was commissioned in
1428 by King Sejong (1418-1450) for the purpose of ‘people education’ and
woodblock-printed in 1434 (Kim, Nayeon 2012: 225, 228, 232). The Three Bonds
describe the three social structures, the three ethical obligations of loyalty
and servitude. The subject must serve the king, the son or daughter must serve
the parent, and the wife must serve the husband. Thus formulated moral and
social obligations show that women were traditionally included among the
subjects of virtue in East-Asia. But this is theory, and practice might be
different. Interesting question in this respect is whether children were considered
less responsible for crimes than their parents, as according to Three Bonds
sons and daughters are subjected to parents just as wives are subjected to
husbands. </span></div>
<br></div><div class="yiv7971873332ecxgmail_extra">Victoria Ten<br></div><div class="yiv7971873332ecxgmail_extra">Leiden University<br></div><div class="yiv7971873332ecxgmail_extra"><br><div class="yiv7971873332ecxgmail_quote">On Thu, Feb 5, 2015 at 9:52 AM, Jim Hoare <span dir="ltr"><<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:jim@jhoare10.fsnet.co.uk" target="_blank" href="mailto:jim@jhoare10.fsnet.co.uk">jim@jhoare10.fsnet.co.uk</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="yiv7971873332ecxgmail_quote" style="border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex;">
<div lang="EN-US">
<div>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman" color="black"><span style="font-size:12pt;color:black;"> </span></font></div>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman" color="black"><span style="font-size:12pt;color:black;"> </span></font></div>
<div>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal" style="text-align:center;" align="center"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt;">
<hr align="center" size="2" width="100%">
</span></font></div>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal"><b><font face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold;">From:</span></font></b><font face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Tahoma;"> Koreanstudies
[mailto:<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies-bounces@koreanstudies.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies-bounces@koreanstudies.com">koreanstudies-bounces@koreanstudies.com</a>] <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">On Behalf Of </span></b>DeberniereTorrey<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold;">Sent:</span></b> 04 February 2015 23:35<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold;">To:</span></b>
<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com">koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com</a><br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold;">Subject:</span></b> [KS] punishment of women
in Choson</span></font></div>
</div>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> </span></font></div>
<div>
<div>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal" style="background:none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><font size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;">Dear
Members:</span></font></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal" style="background:none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><font size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;">I'm
trying to track down an authoritative reference for a claim that I've come
across in several scholarly sources (both English and Korean), none of which
gives a citation for this information: <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">that the Choson state was more lenient toward <span>women</span> as criminals, since they were
considered subject to and therefore less responsible than men</span></b>. The
statement fits my understanding of Choson values and legislation, but I have
yet to find a specific reference. Deuchler's <i><span style="font-style:italic;">Confucian
Transformation</span></i> briefly mentions cases of leniency toward <i><span style="font-style:italic;">yangban </span></i><span>women</span>, but goes no further. I've
read that the Ming code was somewhat lenient toward female criminals, placing
them in the custody of family members rather than in jail, and I understand the
Choson criminal code was based on the Ming code. I've also checked <i><span><span style="font-style:italic;">Women</span> and Confucianism in Choson</span></i> by
Pettid and Kim, as well as the recent <i><span style="font-style:italic;">Wrongful Deaths</span></i> by Sunjoo Kim, but haven't
found specific reference to the above topic in these sources. Any help would be
appreciated. </span></font></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal" style="background:none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><font size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;">Thank
you,</span></font></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal" style="background:none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><font size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;">Deberniere
Torrey</span></font></div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal" style="background:none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><font size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;"> </span></font></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote></div><br></div></div></div> </div></div></div> </div></div>
</div><div id="yiv7971873332"><div dir="ltr">Dear Deberniere,<div><br></div><div>William Shaw's <i>Legal Norms in a Confucian State</i> has a section on "Women and the Law" (pp. 101-6). Also, 백옥경, "조선시대 여성폭력과 법: 경상도 지역 <검안>을 중심으로," 한국고전여성문학연구 19. She also explains women's punishment based on the <i>Great Ming Code</i>. </div><div><br></div><div>As Sun Joo suggested in her email, I also do not agree with the statement you highlighted: "that the Choson state was more lenient toward women as criminals, since they were considered subject to and therefore less responsible than men." I don't know where you got this information, but I think this statement generalizes women's punishment in the Choson. Women's punishment depended more on what kind of crime women of different social statuses committed. For example, if a woman murdered her husband, she would receive harsher punishment than a man. It would be more helpful to think about in what context and what kind of punishment women committed in your research. You could then refer to the legal codes or court rulings to examine what punishment they received. </div><div><br></div><div>Hope this helps!</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div>Jisoo</div></div><div class="yiv7971873332gmail_extra"><br><div class="yiv7971873332gmail_quote">On Thu, Feb 5, 2015 at 1:47 PM, Clark W Sorensen <span dir="ltr"><<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:sangok@u.washington.edu" target="_blank" href="mailto:sangok@u.washington.edu">sangok@u.washington.edu</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="yiv7971873332gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">Deberniere,<br>
<br>
The University of Washington Press has issued a translation of the Ming Code (translated by Hang Yonglin) that might speed up your research.<span class="yiv7971873332HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><br>
<br>
Clark Sorensen</font></span><div class="yiv7971873332HOEnZb"><div class="yiv7971873332h5"><br>
<br>
On Wed, 4 Feb 2015, DeberniereTorrey wrote:<br>
<br>
<blockquote class="yiv7971873332gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex;">
Dear Members:<br>
I'm trying to track down an authoritative reference for a claim that I've come across in several scholarly sources (both English and<br>
Korean), none of which gives a citation for this information: that the Choson state was more lenient toward women as criminals, since<br>
they were considered subject to and therefore less responsible than men. The statement fits my understanding of Choson values and<br>
legislation, but I have yet to find a specific reference. Deuchler's Confucian Transformation briefly mentions cases of leniency toward<br>
yangban women, but goes no further. I've read that the Ming code was somewhat lenient toward female criminals, placing them in the<br>
custody of family members rather than in jail, and I understand the Choson criminal code was based on the Ming code. I've also checked<br>
Women and Confucianism in Choson by Pettid and Kim, as well as the recent Wrongful Deaths by Sunjoo Kim, but haven't found specific<br>
reference to the above topic in these sources. Any help would be appreciated. <br>
Thank you,<br>
Deberniere Torrey<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</blockquote>
</div></div></blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div class="yiv7971873332gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr">Jisoo M. Kim, Ph.D.<div>Korea Foundation Assistant Professor of History, International Affairs,</div><div>and East Asian Languages and Literatures</div><div>The George Washington University</div><div>801 22nd St., NW, Suite 315</div><div>Washington, DC 20052</div><div>Tel: 202-994-6761<br></div><div>Fax: 202-994-6231</div><div>E-mail: <a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:jsk10@gwu.edu" target="_blank" href="mailto:jsk10@gwu.edu">jsk10@gwu.edu</a></div><div><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://departments.columbian.gwu.edu/history/people/111">http://departments.columbian.gwu.edu/history/people/111</a></div></div></div>
</div></div><div id="yiv7971873332"><div style="color:#000;background-color:#fff;font-family:HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423158350500_27442" dir="ltr"><span id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423158350500_27441">Much thanks to Don Baker and Victoria Ten for their help. I'm tracking down those sources now.</span></div><div id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423158350500_27443" dir="ltr"><span>Deberniere Torrey.</span></div> <div class="yiv7971873332qtdSeparateBR"><br><br></div><div style="display:block;" class="yiv7971873332yahoo_quoted"> <div style="font-family:HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"> <div style="font-family:HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"> <div dir="ltr"> <font size="2" face="Arial"> On Thursday, February 5, 2015 10:00 AM, "koreanstudies-request@koreanstudies.com" <koreanstudies-request@koreanstudies.com> wrote:<br> </font> </div> <br><br> <div class="yiv7971873332y_msg_container">----- Forwarded Message -----<br><br>Send Koreanstudies mailing list submissions to<br> <a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com">koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com</a><br><br>To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit<br> <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://koreanstudies.com/mailman/listinfo/koreanstudies_koreanstudies.com">http://koreanstudies.com/mailman/listinfo/koreanstudies_koreanstudies.com</a><br><br>or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to<br> <a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies-request@koreanstudies.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies-request@koreanstudies.com">koreanstudies-request@koreanstudies.com</a><br><br>You can reach the person managing the list at<br> <a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies-owner@koreanstudies.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies-owner@koreanstudies.com">koreanstudies-owner@koreanstudies.com</a><br><br>!!!!!!!!! When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more<br>specific than "Re: Contents of Koreanstudies digest..." !!!!!!!!!<br><br><<------------ KoreanStudies mailing list DIGEST ------------>><br> <br>Today's Topics:<br><br> 1. punishment of women in Choson (DeberniereTorrey)<br> 2. punishment of women in Choson (Victoria Ten)<br><div id="yiv7971873332"><div><div style="color:#000;background-color:#fff;font-family:HelveticaNeue, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, Lucida Grande, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423092377536_3289">Dear Members:</div><div dir="ltr" id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423092377536_3272">I'm trying to track down an authoritative reference for a claim that I've come across in several scholarly sources (both English and Korean), none of which gives a citation for this information: <b style="" class="yiv7971873332" id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423092377536_3275">that the Choson state was more lenient toward <span id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423092377536_3305" style="" class="yiv7971873332">women</span> as criminals, since they were considered subject to and therefore less responsible than men</b>. The statement fits my understanding of Choson values and legislation, but I have yet to find a specific reference. Deuchler's <i id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423092377536_3333" style="" class="yiv7971873332">Confucian Transformation</i> briefly mentions cases of leniency toward <i id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423092377536_3302" style="" class="yiv7971873332">yangban </i><span id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423092377536_3321" style="" class="yiv7971873332">women</span>,
but goes no further. I've read that the Ming
code was somewhat lenient toward female criminals, placing them in
the custody of family members rather than in jail, and I understand the
Choson criminal code was based on the Ming code. I've also checked <i id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423092377536_3332" style="" class="yiv7971873332"><span id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423092377536_3361" style="" class="yiv7971873332">Women</span> and Confucianism in Choson</i> by Pettid and Kim, as well as the recent <i id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423092377536_3350" style="" class="yiv7971873332">Wrongful Deaths</i> by Sunjoo Kim, but haven't found specific reference to the above topic in these sources. Any help would be appreciated. </div><div id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423092377536_3388" dir="ltr">Thank you,<br></div><div id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423092377536_3376" dir="ltr">Deberniere Torrey<br></div><div id="yiv7971873332yui_3_16_0_1_1423092377536_3271"><br></div></div></div></div><div id="yiv7971873332"><div dir="ltr"><font face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Tahoma;"></span></font><div class="yiv7971873332gmail_extra">
<div class="yiv7971873332MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;">This might help you, though it’s not
directly your subject: Kim, Nayeon. 2012. “Indoctrinating Female Virture: the
Social use of Chosŏn Woodblock Prints” (paper presented at Eighth Worldwide
Consortium of Korean Studies Centers Workshop, July 4-7, 2012, Seoul, South
Korea). Or at least the bibliography at the end can help.</span></div><div class="yiv7971873332MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;"><br></span></div>
<div class="yiv7971873332MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;">Samgang Haengsildo (</span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;" lang="KO">三綱行實圖</span><span style="font-size:12pt;line-height:107%;">, Illustrated Exemplars of the Three Bonds) was commissioned in
1428 by King Sejong (1418-1450) for the purpose of ‘people education’ and
woodblock-printed in 1434 (Kim, Nayeon 2012: 225, 228, 232). The Three Bonds
describe the three social structures, the three ethical obligations of loyalty
and servitude. The subject must serve the king, the son or daughter must serve
the parent, and the wife must serve the husband. Thus formulated moral and
social obligations show that women were traditionally included among the
subjects of virtue in East-Asia. But this is theory, and practice might be
different. Interesting question in this respect is whether children were considered
less responsible for crimes than their parents, as according to Three Bonds
sons and daughters are subjected to parents just as wives are subjected to
husbands. </span></div>
<br></div><div class="yiv7971873332gmail_extra">Victoria Ten<br></div><div class="yiv7971873332gmail_extra">Leiden University<br></div><div class="yiv7971873332gmail_extra"><br><div class="yiv7971873332gmail_quote">On Thu, Feb 5, 2015 at 9:52 AM, Jim Hoare <span dir="ltr"><<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:jim@jhoare10.fsnet.co.uk" target="_blank" href="mailto:jim@jhoare10.fsnet.co.uk">jim@jhoare10.fsnet.co.uk</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="yiv7971873332gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex;">
<div lang="EN-US">
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<div>
<div class="yiv7971873332MsoNormal" style="text-align:center;" align="center"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt;">
<hr align="center" size="2" width="100%">
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<div class="yiv7971873332MsoNormal"><b><font face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold;">From:</span></font></b><font face="Tahoma"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Tahoma;"> Koreanstudies
[mailto:<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies-bounces@koreanstudies.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies-bounces@koreanstudies.com">koreanstudies-bounces@koreanstudies.com</a>] <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">On Behalf Of </span></b>DeberniereTorrey<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold;">Sent:</span></b> 04 February 2015 23:35<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold;">To:</span></b>
<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com">koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com</a><br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold;">Subject:</span></b> [KS] punishment of women
in Choson</span></font></div>
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<div class="yiv7971873332MsoNormal" style="background:none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><font size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;">Dear
Members:</span></font></div>
</div>
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<div class="yiv7971873332MsoNormal" style="background:none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><font size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;">I'm
trying to track down an authoritative reference for a claim that I've come
across in several scholarly sources (both English and Korean), none of which
gives a citation for this information: <b><span style="font-weight:bold;">that the Choson state was more lenient toward <span>women</span> as criminals, since they were
considered subject to and therefore less responsible than men</span></b>. The
statement fits my understanding of Choson values and legislation, but I have
yet to find a specific reference. Deuchler's <i><span style="font-style:italic;">Confucian
Transformation</span></i> briefly mentions cases of leniency toward <i><span style="font-style:italic;">yangban </span></i><span>women</span>, but goes no further. I've
read that the Ming code was somewhat lenient toward female criminals, placing
them in the custody of family members rather than in jail, and I understand the
Choson criminal code was based on the Ming code. I've also checked <i><span><span style="font-style:italic;">Women</span> and Confucianism in Choson</span></i> by
Pettid and Kim, as well as the recent <i><span style="font-style:italic;">Wrongful Deaths</span></i> by Sunjoo Kim, but haven't
found specific reference to the above topic in these sources. Any help would be
appreciated. </span></font></div>
</div>
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<div class="yiv7971873332MsoNormal" style="background:none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><font size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;">Thank
you,</span></font></div>
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<div class="yiv7971873332MsoNormal" style="background:none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><font size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="font-size:8pt;font-family:Helvetica;color:black;">Deberniere
Torrey</span></font></div>
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<div><div dir="ltr"><em><strong>husband cut fingers and nose of her (his) wife (poor ordinary family in Seoul), which was one of the most harsh punishments to the criminals<br></strong></em> <br>
This is very important because criminals and such victims of domestic violence thereafter would most likely be seen as lepers and would become social outcasts due to fears of contagion as well as discomfort at their disfigurement.<br>
<br>
Also, the notion that women were treated more gently is, of course, part of Neo-Confucian ideology and helps rationalize it--which msy help explain why both are still with us today. <br>
And what about the expectation that a woman should take her own life if violated by a man outside of her household or natal family? At least in this respect, I believe few serious observers would concur that women were treated less harshly than men.<br>
jim thomas<br>
<br>
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<hr id="yiv7971873332stopSpelling">
From: sungoak@hotmail.com<br>To: koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com<br>Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2015 16:20:06 -0500<br>Subject: Re: [KS] punishment of women in Choson<br><br>
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<div dir="ltr">Dear Prof. Torrey,
<div>This is not a government thing and a different topic, yet we need to consider domestic violence and private punishment of women in the 19th century Korea.</div>
<div>Even in the 1890s a zealous husband cut fingers and nose of her wife (poor ordinary family in Seoul), which was one of the most harsh punishments to the criminals, took two children from her, and abandoned her. I do not know if he was punished for his behavior. </div>
<div>Best,</div>
<div>Sung Deuk Oak</div>
<div>UCLA</div>
<div><br></div>
<div><br>
<div>
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From: sunjookim1@hotmail.com<br>To: koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com<br>Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2015 13:40:33 -0500<br>Subject: Re: [KS] punishment of women in Choson<br><br>
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<div dir="ltr"><br><font style="FONT-SIZE:8pt;" size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:Helvetica;COLOR:black;FONT-SIZE:8pt;"><font style="FONT-SIZE:8pt;" size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:Helvetica;COLOR:black;FONT-SIZE:8pt;">Dear Deberniere Torrey,<br>First of all, let me note that the book, <i>Wrongful Deaths</i>, is a coauthored book by Sun Joo Kim and Jungwon Kim.<br>Second, I disagree with the statement: "</span></font></span></font><font style="FONT-SIZE:8pt;" size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:Helvetica;COLOR:black;FONT-SIZE:8pt;"><font style="FONT-SIZE:8pt;" size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:Helvetica;COLOR:black;FONT-SIZE:8pt;"><font style="FONT-SIZE:8pt;" size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:Helvetica;COLOR:black;FONT-SIZE:8pt;">the Choson state was more lenient toward <span>women</span> as criminals, since they were considered subject to and therefore less responsible than men."<br></span></font>The above-mentioned book discusses the topic--how women were differently treated depending on their social status and the kinds of crimes women committed . For example, if you see pages 16-17, authors explain that there were different procedures applying to examine women's dead body, quoting the <i>Coroner's Guide for the Elimination of Grievances (MuwOllok) </i>and other sources. In pages 23-24, authors point out, "the level of punishment differed in accordance with the offender's status: capital punishment was encoded for an adulteress of yangban status from the early sixteenth century onward, while an adulterous commoner woman in the late ChosOn was often enslaved..." again quoting various sources. You can see in this statement that women sometimes received harsher treatment. If you continue to read this chapter and others involving female victims and criminals, you will find other relevant discussions addressing your question. If you don't have time to read the entire book carefully, index might be a good start.<br>Yours,<br>Sun Joo Kim<br></span></font></span></font><br><br>
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Date: Thu, 5 Feb 2015 14:41:57 +0100<br>From: yoneun@gmail.com<br>To: jim@jhoare10.fsnet.co.uk; koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com<br>Subject: [KS] punishment of women in Choson<br><br>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="Tahoma"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:Tahoma;FONT-SIZE:10pt;"></span></font>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxgmail_extra">
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT:107%;FONT-FAMILY:'Times New Roman', serif;FONT-SIZE:12pt;">This might help you, though it’s not directly your subject: Kim, Nayeon. 2012. “Indoctrinating Female Virture: the Social use of Chosŏn Woodblock Prints” (paper presented at Eighth Worldwide Consortium of Korean Studies Centers Workshop, July 4-7, 2012, Seoul, South Korea). Or at least the bibliography at the end can help.</span></div>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT:107%;FONT-FAMILY:'Times New Roman', serif;FONT-SIZE:12pt;"><br></span></div>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal"><span style="LINE-HEIGHT:107%;FONT-FAMILY:'Times New Roman', serif;FONT-SIZE:12pt;">Samgang Haengsildo (</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT:107%;FONT-FAMILY:'Malgun Gothic', sans-serif;FONT-SIZE:12pt;" lang="KO">三綱行實圖</span><span style="LINE-HEIGHT:107%;FONT-FAMILY:'Times New Roman', serif;FONT-SIZE:12pt;">, Illustrated Exemplars of the Three Bonds) was commissioned in 1428 by King Sejong (1418-1450) for the purpose of ‘people education’ and woodblock-printed in 1434 (Kim, Nayeon 2012: 225, 228, 232). The Three Bonds describe the three social structures, the three ethical obligations of loyalty and servitude. The subject must serve the king, the son or daughter must serve the parent, and the wife must serve the husband. Thus formulated moral and social obligations show that women were traditionally included among the subjects of virtue in East-Asia. But this is theory, and practice might be different. Interesting question in this respect is whether children were considered less responsible for crimes than their parents, as according to Three Bonds sons and daughters are subjected to parents just as wives are subjected to husbands. </span></div><br></div>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxgmail_extra">Victoria Ten<br></div>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxgmail_extra">Leiden University<br></div>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxgmail_extra"><br>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxgmail_quote">On Thu, Feb 5, 2015 at 9:52 AM, Jim Hoare <span dir="ltr"><<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:jim@jhoare10.fsnet.co.uk" target="_blank" href="mailto:jim@jhoare10.fsnet.co.uk">jim@jhoare10.fsnet.co.uk</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote style="BORDER-LEFT:rgb(204,204,204) 1px solid;PADDING-LEFT:1ex;" class="yiv7971873332ecxgmail_quote">
<div lang="EN-US">
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<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal"><b><font face="Tahoma"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:Tahoma;FONT-SIZE:10pt;FONT-WEIGHT:bold;">From:</span></font></b><font face="Tahoma"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:Tahoma;FONT-SIZE:10pt;"> Koreanstudies [mailto:<a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies-bounces@koreanstudies.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies-bounces@koreanstudies.com">koreanstudies-bounces@koreanstudies.com</a>] <b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT:bold;">On Behalf Of </span></b>DeberniereTorrey<br><b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT:bold;">Sent:</span></b> 04 February 2015 23:35<br><b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT:bold;">To:</span></b> <a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com">koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com</a><br><b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT:bold;">Subject:</span></b> [KS] punishment of women in Choson</span></font></div></div>
<div class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="FONT-SIZE:12pt;"> </span></font></div>
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<div style="BACKGROUND:white;" class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal"><font size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:Helvetica;COLOR:black;FONT-SIZE:8pt;">Dear Members:</span></font></div></div>
<div>
<div style="BACKGROUND:white;" class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal"><font size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:Helvetica;COLOR:black;FONT-SIZE:8pt;">I'm trying to track down an authoritative reference for a claim that I've come across in several scholarly sources (both English and Korean), none of which gives a citation for this information: <b><span style="FONT-WEIGHT:bold;">that the Choson state was more lenient toward <span>women</span> as criminals, since they were considered subject to and therefore less responsible than men</span></b>. The statement fits my understanding of Choson values and legislation, but I have yet to find a specific reference. Deuchler's <i><span style="FONT-STYLE:italic;">Confucian Transformation</span></i> briefly mentions cases of leniency toward <i><span style="FONT-STYLE:italic;">yangban </span></i><span>women</span>, but goes no further. I've read that the Ming code was somewhat lenient toward female criminals, placing them in the custody of family members rather than in jail, and I understand the Choson criminal code was based on the Ming code. I've also checked <i><span><span style="FONT-STYLE:italic;">Women</span> and Confucianism in Choson</span></i> by Pettid and Kim, as well as the recent <i><span style="FONT-STYLE:italic;">Wrongful Deaths</span></i> by Sunjoo Kim, but haven't found specific reference to the above topic in these sources. Any help would be appreciated. </span></font></div></div>
<div>
<div style="BACKGROUND:white;" class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal"><font size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:Helvetica;COLOR:black;FONT-SIZE:8pt;">Thank you,</span></font></div></div>
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<div style="BACKGROUND:white;" class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal"><font size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:Helvetica;COLOR:black;FONT-SIZE:8pt;">Deberniere Torrey</span></font></div></div>
<div>
<div style="BACKGROUND:white;" class="yiv7971873332ecxMsoNormal"><font size="1" face="Helvetica" color="black"><span style="FONT-FAMILY:Helvetica;COLOR:black;FONT-SIZE:8pt;"> </span></font></div></div></div></div></div></blockquote></div><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div> </div></div>
</div><div id="yiv7971873332">
<div>
Hendrick Hamel wrote in 1666<br><br>
A woman, who kills her husband, is buried alongside a road on which a lot
of people pass, in a way that only her head sticks out of the ground.
Next to her they put a wooden saw, with which everybody who passes her,
except the nobility, has to saw one time on her head, until she dies.
<br><br>
A man who kills his wife goes freely if he can proof that he had a good
reason for that, for instance adultery or having failed in her marital
duties. A man, who kills a female slave, has to pay to the owner of the
female slave, three times the value. <br><br>
The beating of the buttocks takes place as follows: The condemned has to
lower his pants and lie face down. Sometimes he has to lay face down on a
bench, at which he is tied. For moral reasons the women can keep up their
pants. These are wetted to feel the blows better. For the beating sticks
are being used which are five feet long, round at the top and one hand
wide at the bottom and of a little finger's thickness. A hundred beatings
mean the death of the condemned. <br><br>
Doesn't look to me that women were treated more lenient. <br><br>
<br>
<div>
_ _<br>
(o) (o)<br>
oOOO----(_)----OOOo---<br>
Henny (Lee Hae Kang)<br>
-----------------------------<br>
<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.henny-savenije.pe.kr/">
http://www.henny-savenije.pe.kr</a> Portal to all my sites<br>
<font color="#0000FF"><u>
<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.hendrick-hamel.henny-savenije.pe.kr/">
http://www.hendrick-hamel.henny-savenije.pe.kr</a> </u></font>(in
English) Feel free to discover Korea with Hendrick Hamel (1653-1666)<br>
<font color="#0000FF"><u>
<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.hendrick-hamel.henny-savenije.pe.kr/indexk2.htm">
http://www.hendrick-hamel.henny-savenije.pe.kr/indexk2.htm</a>
</u></font>In Korean <br>
<font color="#0000FF"><u>
<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.hendrick-hamel.henny-savenije.pe.kr/Dutch">
http://www.hendrick-hamel.henny-savenije.pe.kr/Dutch</a> </u></font>In
Dutch<br>
<font color="#0000FF"><u>
<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.vos.henny-savenije.pe.kr/">
http://www.vos.henny-savenije.pe.kr</a> </u></font>Frits Vos Article
about Witsen and Eibokken and his first Korean-Dutch dictionary<br>
<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.cartography.henny-savenije.pe.kr/">
http://www.cartography.henny-savenije.pe.kr</a> (in English) Korea
through Western Cartographic eyes<br>
<font color="#0000FF"><u>
<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.hwasong.henny-savenije.pe.kr/">
http://www.hwasong.henny-savenije.pe.kr</a> </u></font>Hwasong the
fortress in Suwon<br>
<font color="#0000FF"><u>
<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.oldkorea.henny-savenije.pe.kr/">
http://www.oldKorea.henny-savenije.pe.kr</a> </u></font>Old Korea in
pictures<br>
<font color="#0000FF"><u>
<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.british.henny-savenije.pe.kr/">
http://www.british.henny-savenije.pe.kr</a> </u></font>A British
encounter in Pusan (1797)<br>
<font color="#0000FF"><u>
<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.henny-savenije.com/tng/">
http://www.henny-savenije.com/tng/</a> </u></font>Genealogy<br>
<font color="#0000FF"><u>
<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.henny-savenije.pe.kr/phorum">
http://www.henny-savenije.pe.kr/phorum</a> </u></font>Bulletin board for
Korean studies<br><br>
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</div><div id="yiv7971873332"><div dir="ltr"><div style="text-align:center;"><img src="cid:EbRdaKYBvktosR7zb1Gc" style="margin-right:0px;" data-id="a5d9a2df-2372-93cb-0cfa-18151a9803f0"></div><br clear="all"><div><span id="yiv7971873332docs-internal-guid-e8c44ea1-5d29-36fe-fb37-c1dfe28cee03"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.15;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:27px;font-family:Cambria;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Call for Papers</span></div><br><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:24px;font-family:Cambria;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Bridging the Gap: </span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:20px;font-family:Cambria;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-weight:bold;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">The Promise of Politics in a Polarized and Fragmented World</span></div><br><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:20pt;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-weight:bold;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Dates</span><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">: August 25 – 27, 2015</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:20pt;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-weight:bold;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Venue</span><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">: Hotel Hyundai, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea</span></div><br><br><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:20pt;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:Cambria;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Deadline for Submitting Paper and Panel Proposals:</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:20pt;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:Cambria;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">March 31, 2015</span></div><br><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:20pt;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:Cambria;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Acceptance Notifications:</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-left:20pt;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:Cambria;color:rgb(255,0,0);font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Mid April 2015</span></div><br><br><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:20pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">On behalf of the Korean Political Science Association (KPSA), we are pleased to announce the call for papers for the 2015 World Congress for Korean Politics and Society. The World Congress is a biennial conference organized by the KPSA, and co-hosted by the Korea Foundation (KF), to discuss innovative and insightful ideas on Korean politics, society, and international relations. This year’s World Congress will be held from </span><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-weight:bold;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">August 25 -27</span><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;"> in </span><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-weight:bold;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">the historic city of Gyeongju, South Korea</span><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">. Gyeongju is Korea’s ancient capital and often referred to as “museum without walls.”</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:20pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">The main theme of the Congress is “Bridging the Gap: The Promise of Politics in a Polarized and Fragmented World.” Signs of polarization and fragmentation are rampant in today’s political and civic life, and pose serious obstacles to political stability, economic justice, and social integration. The Congress will bring together distinguished scholars and experienced professionals around the world to propose new insights that overcome challenges of polarization in Korea as well as in the international community. We welcome the submission of papers, full-panel, and roundtable proposals for the following subthemes including but not limited to:</span></div><br><ul style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Korean Politics and Society</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">North Korea and inter-Korean Relations</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Comparative Politics: Developing Countries</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Comparative Politics: Advanced Industrial Societies</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Electoral and Legislative Politics</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Political Organizations and Parties</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Political Economy</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Globalization and Local Responses</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">International Relations of East Asia</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Conflicts and Conflict Resolution</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Political Thoughts</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Women and Politics</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Political Methodology</span></div></li></ul><br><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-indent:20pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">To learn more about the conference and to submit your proposal(s), please visit the conference website at </span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://kwc.kpsa.or.kr/" style="text-decoration:none;"><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,255);text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">http://kwc.kpsa.or.kr</span></a><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">. We will continue to accept proposals until </span><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-weight:bold;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Tuesday, March 31</span><span style="font-size:10px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-weight:bold;vertical-align:super;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">st</span><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">. To ensure that your submission experience goes smoothly, please keep the following things in mind:</span></div><br><ul style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">The first time you are on the site, you will need to create your own username and password by clicking “LOGIN” in </span><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">the top-right corner of our website.</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">The “Proposal Submission” in the main menu will allow you to send a proposal directly to the panel organizer by filling in the submission form.</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">For the submission form, please fill out the following required fields:</span></div></li><ul style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">The title of your presentation</span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Abstract (300-500 words) </span></div></li><li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:16px;font-family:Arial;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;background-color:transparent;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Your name, country, institutional affiliation and email address</span></div></li></ul></ul><br><br><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">► Papers for presentation can be written either in English or Korean. Please indicate whether you prefer to participate in a panel in English or in Korean.</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">► Accommodation: The KPSA and KF will offer up to three nights of accommodation for all participants from abroad in a conference hotel.</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">► Travel Grant: A limited number of travel grants will be available and the travel grant recipients will be selected by the KPSA. You can apply for a travel grant by submitting an online application form in the proposal submission system.</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;"><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">► Contact: If you have any further inquiries, please do not hesitate to email us at </span><a rel="nofollow" ymailto="mailto:koreanpolitics2015@gmail.com" target="_blank" href="mailto:koreanpolitics2015@gmail.com" style="text-decoration:none;"><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,255);text-decoration:underline;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">koreanpolitics2015@gmail.com</span></a><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;"> and we will respond back to you as soon as possible.</span></div><br><br><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align:justify;"><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-weight:bold;font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Please distribute this call for papers to others within your academic community</span><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);font-weight:bold;vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">. </span><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">We are very excited for the 2015 World Congress in Gyeongju, and looking forward to seeing you in Korea!</span></div><br><br><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Warm regards,</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;"><br class="yiv7971873332"></span><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">The Organizing Committee of the World Congress 2015</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Tel: +82-2-961-9465, 0696</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="line-height:1;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,0);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;">Website: </span><span style="text-decoration:underline;font-size:16px;color:rgb(0,0,255);vertical-align:baseline;white-space:pre-wrap;background-color:transparent;"><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://kwc.kpsa.or.kr/" style="text-decoration:none;">http://kwc.kpsa.or.kr</a></span></div></span></div>
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