<div dir="ltr">For the sake of completeness of available text on the list I am posting the full text of the examples from the blog post that I linked in my initial post (<a href="http://sthelepress.com/index.php/2016/09/13/revoking-a-recommendation-b-r-myers/" target="_blank">http://sthelepress.com/index.<wbr>php/2016/09/13/revoking-a-<wbr>recommendation-b-r-myers/</a> ). One example, #2, is left out since it was also discussed by and in greater depth by Prof. Lankov. <div><br><div><div>The following summarizes the examples that appeared on the list - expanded version of Prof. Szalontai's<br></div><div><span style="color:black;font-family:helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </span><span style="color:black;font-family:helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:10pt"> </span></div></div><div>
<table class="gmail-MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none">
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:center"><b> </b></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:center"><b>Presenter<span></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:center"><b>Year
of event<span></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:center"><b>Page
#<span></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:center"><b>Footnote
#<span></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:center"><b>Source
type<span></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:center"><b>Source
language<span></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:center"><b>COMMENT<span></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:center"><b>Issue
raised<span></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:center"><b><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:helvetica,sans-serif;color:black">1<span></span></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:helvetica,sans-serif;color:black">Lankov 3, Szalontai</span><span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:helvetica,sans-serif;color:black">1953</span><span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">56<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="88" valign="top" style="width:66.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">19<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="94" valign="top" style="width:70.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">Archival<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="84" valign="top" style="width:63.25pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">Russian<span></span></p>
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<td width="155" valign="top" style="width:115.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:helvetica,sans-serif;color:black">also used in the
article "Fraternal Socialism," <i>Cold
War </i>History, May 2005</span><span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:helvetica,sans-serif;color:black">Source content does
not match text. Same mistake in 2005 article.<span></span></span></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:center"><b>2<span></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">Myers #4<span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">1957<span></span></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">63<span></span></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">47<span></span></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">Archival<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="84" valign="top" style="width:63.25pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">German<span></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">East German<span></span></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">Source content does not match text. <span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:center"><b>3<span></span></b></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">Myers #1<span></span></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">1953<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="100" valign="top" style="width:74.65pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">81<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="88" valign="top" style="width:66.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">125<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="94" valign="top" style="width:70.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">Secondary<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="84" valign="top" style="width:63.25pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">English<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="155" valign="top" style="width:115.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span> </span></p>
</td>
<td width="215" valign="top" style="width:160.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">Source content does not match text.
Text content matches Szalontai.<span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="29" valign="top" style="width:21.95pt;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-left:1pt solid windowtext;border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:center"><b>4<span></span></b></p>
</td>
<td width="85" valign="top" style="width:63.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">Lankov 1, Myers #2<span></span></p>
</td>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">1960<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="100" valign="top" style="width:74.65pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">105<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="88" valign="top" style="width:66.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">57<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="94" valign="top" style="width:70.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">Secondary<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="84" valign="top" style="width:63.25pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">English<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="155" valign="top" style="width:115.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span> </span></p>
</td>
<td width="215" valign="top" style="width:160.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">Source content does not match text. Text content matches Szalontai
based on source released only after footnoted source was published.<span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="29" valign="top" style="width:21.95pt;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-left:1pt solid windowtext;border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:center"><b>5<span></span></b></p>
</td>
<td width="85" valign="top" style="width:63.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">Lankov 2, Szalontai<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="65" valign="top" style="width:48.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">1960<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="100" valign="top" style="width:74.65pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">121<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="88" valign="top" style="width:66.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">130<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="94" valign="top" style="width:70.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">Archival<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="84" valign="top" style="width:63.25pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">Russian<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="155" valign="top" style="width:115.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt"><span> </span></p>
</td>
<td width="215" valign="top" style="width:160.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">Source seems non-existent. Alleged source author was absent during
event described.<span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:center"><b>6<span></span></b></p>
</td>
<td width="85" valign="top" style="width:63.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">Myers #3<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="65" valign="top" style="width:48.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">1968<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="100" valign="top" style="width:74.65pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">156<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="88" valign="top" style="width:66.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">50<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="94" valign="top" style="width:70.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">Newspaper<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="84" valign="top" style="width:63.25pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">Korean<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="155" valign="top" style="width:115.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">North Korean<span></span></p>
</td>
<td width="215" valign="top" style="width:160.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:1pt solid windowtext;border-right:1pt solid windowtext;padding:0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt">Source content does not match and contradicts text.<span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p></div><div><div><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px"><span style="font-weight:700">Example # 1</span><br></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px">Armstrong describes a congress in Pyongyang in 1953 as follows:</p><blockquote style="border-width:0px 0px 0px 4px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(26,26,26);color:rgb(104,104,104);font-size:1.1875rem;font-style:italic;line-height:28px;padding:0px 0px 0px 1.26316em;quotes:none;font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif"><p style="margin:0px">Han began his attack at the First Congress of Writers and Artists, held on September 26-27, 1953. By this time Im Hwa had already been arrested and executed, and Han accused Yi T’ae-jun, another KAPF veteran, of having been a follower of Im…. Han also attacked Kim Sŭng-nam, the composer, accusing him of abandoning Korean musical traditions…. Visual artists were similarly accused of neglecting Korean traditions and lacking patriotism. (<span style="font-style:normal">Tyranny</span> 81)</p></blockquote><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px">The footnote number after <em>patriotism</em> leads to the citation: Yang and Chee, “North Korean Education System, 1945 to Present,” 127-135.</p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px"><u>My Comment</u>:</p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px">Yang and Chee’s article (“Education<em>al</em>,” by the way) appeared in a special issue of <em>The China Quarterly</em> later published in book form as <em>North Korea Today</em> (1963). There is no mention of the writers’ congress in it. This leaves one wondering what source Armstrong really used.</p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px">As it happens, Balázs Szalontai describes the same events in very similar fashion in his book <em>Kim Il Sung in the Khrushchev Era</em> (2005), on the basis of Hungarian documents:</p><blockquote style="border-width:0px 0px 0px 4px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(26,26,26);color:rgb(104,104,104);font-size:1.1875rem;font-style:italic;line-height:28px;padding:0px 0px 0px 1.26316em;quotes:none;font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif"><p style="margin:0px">At the First Congress of Writers’ and Artists, held on 26-27 September, Han Sŏl-ya… attacked… a writer named Yi T’ae-jun, accusing him of having been a protégé of Yim Hwa…. Han Sŏl-ya accused Kim Sŭng-nam of having neglected the traditions of classical Korean music…. artists should paint pictures about the Korean War in classical style. (<span style="font-style:normal">Kim Il Sung in the Khrushchev Era</span>40-41)</p></blockquote><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px">What Szalontai includes that Armstrong doesn’t is a remark about the rise of North Korean nationalism, “a process already reinforced by wartime patriotic propaganda.” This parenthetical aside comes with its very own endnote: Yang and Chee, “North Korean Educational System,” <em>North Korea Today</em>, 127-135 (<em>Kim Il Sung in the Khrushchev</em> <em>Era</em> 276).</p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px"><span style="font-weight:700">Example # 2 (See Andrei Lankov post for more details)</span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px"><span style="font-weight:700">Example # 3</span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px">Here Armstrong talks about the Kim regime’s response to the crushing of the so-called Prague Spring in 1968:</p><blockquote style="border-width:0px 0px 0px 4px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(26,26,26);color:rgb(104,104,104);font-size:1.1875rem;font-style:italic;line-height:28px;padding:0px 0px 0px 1.26316em;quotes:none;font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif"><p style="margin:0px">The Soviet crackdown on the Budapest uprising in 1956 was a cause for concern among the leaders in Beijing and Pyongyang; among other things, the crackdown resulted, as we saw in the previous chapter, in Pyongyang withdrawing North Korean students from Hungary…. North Korean anxiety about Soviet intervention in Eastern Europe was not expressed publicly at the time. The Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia was another matter. Needless to say, neither China nor North Korea was in sympathy with… the Czech dissenters. Their concern was with Moscow’s blatant intervention into the affairs of a fellow socialist state…. Chinese media attacked the Czech [sic] invasion in the most vitriolic of language. North Korea’s response was fairly mild in comparison. The <span style="font-style:normal">Rodong Sinmun</span> published an article entitled “Historical Lessons We Have Gained from the Study of Affairs in Czechoslovakia.” The most important “lesson” was the one North Korea had long emphasized: the inviolable right of all nations to self-determination. Juche was, as much as anything, a position of independence in the Sino-Soviet Cold War. (<span style="font-style:normal">Tyranny</span> 156)</p></blockquote><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px">The only source cited: “Historical Lessons We Have Gained from the Study of Affairs in Czechoslovakia,” <em>Rodong</em> <em>Sinmun</em><wbr>, August 23, 1968, page 3.</p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px"><u>My Comment</u>:</p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px">Let me isolate each statement. 1) The Soviet crackdown on the uprising in Budapest led the DPRK to withdraw students from Hungary in 1956. 2) Although not sympathetic to the Czech dissenters in 1968, the North Koreans’ main feeling about the events in Prague was indignation at Moscow. 3) Their media’s reaction? Fairly mild in comparison to Beijing’s vitriolic one, yet they did criticize the Soviet intervention. 4) The party organ responded to events in Czechoslovakia by emphasizing the right of all nations to self-determination.</p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px">How Juche of the North Koreans! And how groundbreaking of Armstrong to find this out. The consensus in Cold War studies has always been that North Korea joined North Vietnam in supporting the Soviet move. (See for example Richard Wich, <em>Sino-Soviet Crisis Politics</em>, Cambridge, 1980, 50.)</p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px">Alas, the claim that the <em>crackdown</em> on Hungary resulted in the withdrawal of North Korean students contradicts the very chapter of which Armstrong reminds the reader. Page 100 makes clear that (as is well-known) those students were withdrawn for fear they might have been contaminated by the <em>counter-revolution</em> the Soviets had crushed.</p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px">To back up his quite lengthy account of the North Korean line on Prague, Armstrong cites only that one <em>Rodong Sinmun</em> source. Its actual title is simply “Chesŭkkosŭllobensŭkko sat’ae ŭi ryŏksajŏk kyohun.” This should be translated “The Historical Lesson(s) of the Situation in Czechoslovakia.” The plural is optional, considering the content of the article.</p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px">For Korean readers I am attaching a rather large file of the entire relevant issue of the <em>Rodong Sinmun</em>. (I include the whole paper to prove that the article does not start on page 3, but on page 4.)</p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px"><a href="http://sthelepress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/RodongSinmun1968.pdf" style="color:rgb(0,122,204);text-decoration:none;background-color:transparent" target="_blank">rodongsinmun1968</a></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em"><font color="#1a1a1a" face="merriweather, georgia, serif"><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:28px"><a href="http://sthelepress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/RodongSinmun1968.pdf" target="_blank">http://sthelepress.com/wp-cont<wbr>ent/uploads/2016/09/RodongSinm<wbr>un1968.pdf</a></span></font><br></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em"><span style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px">“The Historical Lesson(s) of the Situation in Czechoslovakia” bears no relation to Armstrong’s account. No criticism of the Soviet intervention is expressed, nor is Juche, autonomy or self-determination so much as mentioned, to say nothing of the “inviolable right of all nations” to the latter. Most of the content consists of fierce condemnation of the Czech dissenters as “revisionists,” counter-revolutionaries, tools of US imperialism, etc, and scare-quote-studded rejection of their talk of “liberalization” and “democratization.”</span><br></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px">This was much the same language then used in the USSR, where the pejorative “revisionist” had come back into vogue. I should also mention (as Armstrong does not) the highly significant fact that the <em>Rodong Sinmun</em>had published TASS’ report on Prague only the day before. (See B.C. Koh’s excellent article “North Korea and the Sino-Soviet Schism,” <em>Western Political Quarterly</em>, December 1969, for a closer discussion of all these media developments.)</p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px">In the penultimate paragraph of the “Historical Lesson” article, so-called<em>sadaejuŭi </em>or serve-the-great-power-ism appears as the third item in a list of “reactionary” tendencies to be opposed: “revisionism, dogmatism, serve-the-great-power-ism, bourgeois thought, feudal thought, etc.” Naturally this asks to be read in the context of the article’s earlier condemnation of Czech revisionists for waving the Stars and Stripes, falling for Yankee subversion, etc. Much more textual evidence than that is needed if we are to read an emphasis on every nation’s right to self-determination into what is, when you get right down to it, a rejection of Czechoslovakia’s.</p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px"><span style="font-weight:700">Example # 4</span></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px">Armstrong writes:</p><blockquote style="border-width:0px 0px 0px 4px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(26,26,26);color:rgb(104,104,104);font-size:1.1875rem;font-style:italic;line-height:28px;padding:0px 0px 0px 1.26316em;quotes:none;font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif"><p style="margin:0px">North Korean officials told the East European advisers in Pyongyang that they wanted to establish new industrial centers in mountainous areas of the interior, where they would be close to the mines and also less vulnerable to attacks from enemy naval forces, which had caused so much damage during the Korean War. (<span style="font-style:normal">Tyranny</span>, 63)</p></blockquote><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px">Source cited: GDR Embassy in DPRK, Report on Conversation with the Hungarian Ambassador, 29 October 1957. MfAA A 6979.</p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px"><u>My Comment</u>:</p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px">Here is the file of the document in question.</p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px"><a href="http://sthelepress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Dok_29_Okt1957_M1_A6979.pdf" style="color:rgb(0,122,204);text-decoration:none;background-color:transparent" target="_blank">dok_29_okt1957_m1_a6979</a></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em"><font color="#1a1a1a" face="merriweather, georgia, serif"><span style="font-size:16px;line-height:28px"><a href="http://sthelepress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Dok_29_Okt1957_M1_A6979.pdf" target="_blank">http://sthelepress.com/wp-cont<wbr>ent/uploads/2016/09/Dok_29_Okt<wbr>1957_M1_A6979.pdf</a></span></font><br></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em"><span style="color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px">As even beginning readers of German can see for themselves, the document in fact records the Hungarian ambassador’s informal remarks about the state of agriculture in his home country.</span><br></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 1.75em;color:rgb(26,26,26);font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif;font-size:16px;line-height:28px">Szalontai, citing a Hungarian document from 1954 as well as B.C. Koh’s article “The War’s Impact on the Korean Peninsula” (1993), writes the following in his book:</p><blockquote style="border-width:0px 0px 0px 4px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(26,26,26);color:rgb(104,104,104);font-size:1.1875rem;font-style:italic;line-height:28px;padding:0px 0px 0px 1.26316em;quotes:none;font-family:merriweather,georgia,serif"><p style="margin:0px">[T]he industrial centers created by the Japanese in Korea … were too close to the sea and too far from the mines. Attacked by air force and naval gunfire, they suffered enormous damage during the Korean War. This is why the KWP leadership decided to construct the new factories in mountainous areas where it was easy to hide the machines in tunnels in event of war. (<span style="font-style:normal">Kim Il Sung in the Khrushchev Era</span>, 50)</p><div><br></div></blockquote></div></div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Sat, Sep 17, 2016 at 12:19 PM, Balazs Szalontai <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:aoverl@yahoo.co.uk" target="_blank">aoverl@yahoo.co.uk</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div><div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);font-family:"helvetica neue-light","helvetica neue light","helvetica neue",helvetica,arial,"lucida grande",sans-serif;font-size:13px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><div><span>Dear List members:</span></div><div><span><br></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>Let me add, for the benefit of readers who may have found it difficult to follow the thread, that the sources that have been criticized so far were cited on the following pages of Tyranny of the Weak:</span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><br></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>P. 56, Footnote 19 (Chapter 2), Russian archival source (also apparent in the article "Fraternal Socialism," 2005)</span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>P. 63, Footnote 47 (Chapter 2), East German archival source.</span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>P. 81, Footnote 125 (Chapter 2), secondary source.</span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>P. 105, Footnote 57 (Chapter 3), secondary source.</span></div><div dir="ltr"><span>P. 121, Footnote 130 (Chapter 3), </span>Russian archival source. </div><div dir="ltr"><span>P. 156, Footnote 50 (Chapter 4), North Korean press source.</span></div><div dir="ltr"><span><br></span></div><div dir="ltr">This is not fully compatible with the description that "<span style="font-family:helveticaneue,"helvetica neue",helvetica,arial,"lucida grande",sans-serif;font-size:16px">most of the criticism is directed to a small section of Chapter 3 of the book, basically pp. 121-23," but, if I understood Professor Armstrong correctly, he has identified additional inaccuracies among the AVPRF sources cited on pp. 121-123. This might refer either to Footnote 131 (p. 122) or 135 (p. 123), or both, since the earlier posts mentioned only p. 121 but Professor Armstrong also found it necessary to drive attention to pp. 122-123. This way it will be indeed possible to create a comprehensive list of inaccuracies. It is very encouraging that so much progress has been made in such a short time. For the benefit of readers, Professor Armstrong might also be kind to explain why he felt it necessary to select these specific pages.</span></div><div dir="ltr"><span style="font-family:helveticaneue,"helvetica neue",helvetica,arial,"lucida grande",sans-serif;font-size:16px"><br></span></div><div dir="ltr"><span style="font-family:helveticaneue,"helvetica neue",helvetica,arial,"lucida grande",sans-serif;font-size:16px">Yours sincerely,</span></div><div dir="ltr"><span style="font-family:helveticaneue,"helvetica neue",helvetica,arial,"lucida grande",sans-serif;font-size:16px">Balazs Szalontai </span></div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div><br><br></div><div style="display:block"> <div style="font-family:"helvetica neue-light","helvetica neue light","helvetica neue",helvetica,arial,"lucida grande",sans-serif;font-size:13px"> <div style="font-family:helveticaneue,"helvetica neue",helvetica,arial,"lucida grande",sans-serif;font-size:16px"> <div dir="ltr"> <font size="2" face="Arial"> <hr size="1"> <b><span style="font-weight:bold">From:</span></b> Charles K. Armstrong <<a href="mailto:cra10@columbia.edu" target="_blank">cra10@columbia.edu</a>><span><br> <b><span style="font-weight:bold">To:</span></b> Korean Studies Discussion List <<a href="mailto:koreanstudies@koreanstudies.com" target="_blank">koreanstudies@koreanstudies.c<wbr>om</a>> <br> </span><b><span style="font-weight:bold">Sent:</span></b> Saturday, 17 September 2016, 23:30<span><br> <b><span style="font-weight:bold">Subject:</span></b> Re: [KS] Re-revised posting "Revoking a Recommendation"<br> </span></font> </div><div><div> <div><br><div><div><div dir="ltr">Dear list members,<div><br clear="none"></div><div>I have observed this criticism of my recent book from some distance and have finally decided I cannot avoid responding. I will not here go into a detailed defense of my book, which I continue to stand by as a sound work of scholarship. But every complex work of scholarship has its flaws, often not evident to the author at the time. I appreciate the questions brought up by Brian, Balazs and now Andrei. I would like to point out that most of the criticism is directed to a small section of Chapter 3 of the book, basically pp. 121 -23. This has caused me to re-examine carefully that section and the chapter as a whole, where I have indeed found problems with some citation of Russian sources. I do not believe this affects the overall narrative and argument, but I have endeavored to make corrections where warranted. I am in the process of going carefully over the footnotes, with the help of Balazs, and see where corrections should be made. If these are indeed extensive, I will send a revision to Cornell University Press and ask them to republish the book in a revised edition. </div><div><br clear="none"></div><div>I have learned a great deal from my colleagues in the study of North Korea's history, particularly Andrei and Balazs, who are much more familiar with the Soviet sources than I am. I hope to have made a contribution to this field in my own way, one that complements their fine work. For the errors in my own work I of course take full responsibility, which includes the responsibility to correct my errors and improve the work. </div><div><br clear="none"></div><div>Sincerely,</div><div><br clear="none"></div><div>Charles Armstrong</div></div><div><br clear="none"><div><div>On Sat, Sep 17, 2016 at 9:23 AM, Sheila Miyoshi Jager <span dir="ltr"><<a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" href="mailto:sheila.jager@oberlin.edu" target="_blank">sheila.jager@oberlin.edu</a>></span> wrote:<br clear="none"><blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div>
<pre>Dear List members:
I received this e-mail from Andre Lankov this morning who asked me to post this for him as he is not currently a member of KS.
Sheila Miyoshi Jager
------------------------------ --------------------
Dear list members,
I am not an active participant here, but the recent postings prompted
me to make a small contribution to the ongoing debate around Charles
Armstrong’s recent book.
Initially, I liked the book, and widely recommended it as a good and
thoughtful summary of North Korean foreign policy. However, I have
also noted some problems with footnotes. I have not gone through the
footnotes as carefully as others, but I still noticed that there are
cases the footnotes lead to the wrong sources, while the information
in the text could possibly obtain only from other sources which by
some reasons are not mentioned in the book.
Right now, I can indicate three cases.
+++
One of the cases has already been mentioned, but I would repeat it,
since I am myself directly involved in the situation which now seems
to be typical.
On page 105, Tyranny of the Weak one can find such a statement “In a
conversation with a Soviet diplomat in 1960, Pang Hak-se, minister of
the interior, referred to some 100,000 “reactionaries” detained
between October 1958 and May 1959 alone”. Then a footnote 57 follows,
saying: “Scalapino and Lee, Communism in Korea, vol. 2, The Society,
833-35.”
However, nothing like this can be found in Scalapino and Lee, because
at the time when Scalapino and Lee wrote their book the document in
question (like all other documents of this kind) was classified and as
such deeply buried in the Soviet archives. To the best of my
knowledge, I was the first person to find this document in the
mid-1990s, and then I provided it to Balasz Szalontai who cited it,
clearly mentioning in the text that the document in question had been
provided by me (Kim Il Sung in the Khrushchev Era, footnote 58, page
297). I also mentioned this document and data myself in my 2004 book
(Andrei Lankov, Crisis in North Korea: The Failure of
De-Stalinization, 1956, page 182)
It is remarkable, though, that in Balasz Szalontai’s book, few lines
below reference to 100,000 arrested, one can find a reference to page
833 Scalapino and Lee – the very same reference Charles Armstrong
wrongly used in his book. In the book of Balazs Szalontai, the
footnote in question (“Scalapino and Lee, Communism in Korea, vol. 2,
The Society, 833-35.”) follows the entire paragraph we discuss here.
There the footnote is related to the last few sentences, not to the
figure ‘100,000’ and Pang Hak-se’s statement which is clear referenced
to me.
Thus, it seems likely that Charles Armstrong borrowed the data from
Balazs Szalontai wholesale, together with a reference to Scalapino and
Lee’s book, but did not notice that the reference is related to the
final sentence alone, not to the data Charles Armstrong cites.
+++
The second case is quite remarkable and strongly supports the
suggestion that something is seriously wrong with footnotes and/or
quotes in the book.
On page 121 of The Tyranny of the Weak, one can find such sentence
“the Bulgarian ambassador remarked to his Soviet counterpart that he
had never seen such a hostile incident in another “fraternal”
country.” This is followed by footnote 130 which says “Soviet Embassy
in DPRK, Report, 30 November 1960. AVPRF, Fond 0102, Opis 16, Papka
85, Delo 7.”
A couple of months ago, while writing a journalistic piece on the
crisis in relations between North Korea and Bulgaria in the 1960s
(abduction of NK students etc.), I decided to check the reference. I
checked the digital collection of PDF files containing the photocopies
of the Soviet diplomatic papers, including the Ambassadors’ Diaries
(the collection is held in the National Library of Korea, Pyŏngyang
soryŏn taesakwan pimil sŏch’ol, the photocopy of the diary in question
can be found at the file 012204, pages 22-50, of this collection).
I was rather surprised with what I saw. The AVPRF (Soviet/Russian
Foreign Ministry) archive has Ambassador Diary for November 10 to
December 28 period, but this diary has no reference to any talk with
the Bulgarian ambassador, and, for that matter, no entry for November
30 whatsoever. It could not possibly have such entry due to one
serious reason: as clearly stated on the first page of the diary,
Ambassador Puzanov happened to be away from Pyongyang for nearly a
month, from November 10 to December 3, 1960, and resumed his regular
duties only on December 5 (AVPRF, Fond 0102, opis 16, papka 85, delo
7, list 30). Being physically some 5000 miles away, the Ambassador
hardly could be engaged in a frank conversation with his Bulgarian
counterpart on November 30.
Admittedly, on December 15, 1960 Ambassador Puzanov did meet
Ambassador Georgii Kostov Bogdanov of Bulgaria. During that meeting,
Ambassador Bogdanov expressed in passing some dissatisfaction with the
treatment of the Bulgarian diplomats in North Korea, but there were no
references whatsoever to the episode mentioned by Charles Armstrong.
Bogdanov merely complained that North Koreans did not provide
statistical data and some publications (Pyŏngyang soryŏn taesakwan
pimil sŏch’ol, file 012204, pages 37-38).
+++
The third case is the Memo of conversation between Counselor Yang
Yŏng-sun (DPRK Embassy in Moscow) and Halin (Deputy Head of the Far
Eastern Section in the Soviet Foreign Ministry), 29 September 1953.
In Charles Armstrong’s book, on page 56, one can read the following:
“Kim Il Sung led a delegation to Moscow in September 1953, primarily
to settle the terms of Soviet assistance. The Soviet government agreed
to cancel or postpone repayment for all of North Korea’s outstanding
debts and reiterated its promise to give the DPRK 1 billion rubles in
outright aid, both monetary and in the form of industrial equipment
and consumer goods.” This remark is followed by footnote 19 which
cites the above mentioned Memo of conversation between Yang Yŏng-sun
and Halin on 29 September.
The Memo indeed exists, and it is available in the above mentioned PDF
collection (file 010105, pages 12-14). However, the Memo’s content has
nothing in common with what is stated in the book. It does not mention
the issues of the Soviet assistance at all.
Actually, the Memo of the short talk (it lasted, as explicitly stated,
merely 20 min) is an itemized list of the issues which were discussed.
There were five issues: 1) The return of the North Korean workers from
the USSR; 2) The dispatch of teachers to a Soviet school in Pyongyang;
3) Request for the printed UN materials, difficult to obtain for the
North Koreans; 4) Inquiry about a young daughter of a North Korean
official of the Soviet origin; 5) Request for reference material about
the Soviet periodicals. None of these issues is in any way related to
the matters mentioned in the book. I would add that, given the
relatively low rank of both participants and shortness of their
encounter (mere 20 minutes), one would hardly expect that such issues
would be raised during the 29 September meeting.
Once again, I did not (and could not) check hundreds of footnotes, but
the very random and semi-incidental check of the materials I know
and/or have within few meters from my desk, has demonstrated that
footnotes are a mess. What we see from the above mentioned three
examples are:
a) The use of data likely been obtained from work which is not
referenced and even mentioned, but supported with a footnote to an
irrelevant third source (to make things even more strange, the
footnote is the same as the footnote in the work that was omitted);
b) The reference to a document which does not exist, describing
an event which did not (and could not possibly) happen on the date
mentioned;
c) The reference to an existing document which, however, deals
with completely different issues.
So, there are issues to be clarified.
Sincerely,
Andrei Lankov,
Professor,
Kookmin University, Seoul</pre><span>
<br clear="none">
</span><div>On 9/15/2016 12:09 AM, Jiyul Kim wrote:<br clear="none">
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div dir="ltr">
<div style="font-size:12.8px">[NOTE TO
ADMINISTRATOR: please discard two earlier versions and review
this for posting]</div>
<div style="font-size:12.8px"><br clear="none">
</div>
<div style="font-size:12.8px">I came
across this recent posting by B. R. Myers revoking his
recommendation for Charles Armstrong's <i>Tyranny of the Weak</i> (2013)<i>.</i> Myers' revocation is,
for me, unprecedented.</div>
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</div>
<div style="font-size:12.8px">Myers
compares Armstrong's <i>Tyranny </i>with Balazs
Szalontai's <i>Kim Il Sung in
the Khrushchev Era</i> (2005)<i>. </i>He gives detailed
examples why he can't support the book. If there is any truth
to what Myers says then it is all very disturbing since
Armstrong's books are widely admired and used.</div>
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</div>
<div style="font-size:12.8px">I wonder
what others think. Myers' post can be found at </div>
<div style="font-size:12.8px"><a rel="nofollow" shape="rect" href="http://sthelepress.com/" style="background-color:transparent" target="_blank">http://sthelepress.com/</a></div>
<div style="font-size:12.8px"><br clear="none">
</div>
<div style="font-size:12.8px">Jiyul Kim</div>
<div style="font-size:12.8px">Oberlin
College</div>
<div style="font-size:12.8px">Oberlin,
Ohio</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
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<span><font color="#888888"></font></span><pre>--
Sheila Miyoshi Jager
Professor of East Asian Studies
Oberlin College
</pre>
</div>
</blockquote></div></div><br clear="none"><br clear="all"><div><br clear="none"></div>-- <br clear="none"><div><div dir="ltr">Charles K. Armstrong<div>Professor of History, Columbia University</div><div>516 Fayerweather Hall, 1180 Amsterdam Ave</div><div>New York, NY 10027</div><div>Tel: <a href="tel:212-854-1721" value="+12128541721" target="_blank">212-854-1721</a></div></div></div>
</div></div></div><br><br></div> </div></div></div> </div> </div></div></div></blockquote></div><br></div></div>