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    <div class="moz-forward-container"><font size="1">from Sang Joo Kim
        <font face="Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" color="#008040"><i><b>ICAS</b></i></font></font><br>
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                        align="center"><b><i><span
style="font-size:24pt;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;color:rgb(0,102,0)">ICAS</span></i></b><b><i><span
style="font-size:24pt;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"> Polling XXII</span></i></b></p>
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                      <div align="center"><span><span
                            style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><a
                              href="http://www.icasinc.org"
                              target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">www.icasinc.org</a></span></span><span
style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif"></span><br>
                        <span><span
                            style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif"><a
href="http://www.icasinc.org/strategy.html" target="_blank"
                              moz-do-not-send="true">www.icasinc.org/strategy.html</a></span></span><br>
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                        align="right"><span
                          style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">November
                          8, 2022</span></p>
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                        </span></p>
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                        style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal"
                        align="center"><span style="font-size:13.5pt">SURVEY
                          SHOWS</span></p>
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                        style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;text-align:center;line-height:normal"
                        align="center"> </p>
                      <div align="center"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><b>US
                            OBLIGATIONS RISE TO THE LEVEL OF ARTICLE V
                            OF NATO</b> </span><br>
                        <span style="font-size:14.0pt;
                          line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"></span><span
                          style="font-size:14.0pt;
                          line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><b>US-SK
                            ALLIANCE OUGHT TO CONSIDER THE NATO 'NUCLEAR
                            SHARING' IDEA</b> </span> </div>
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                      <div align="center"><b><span
                            style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"> </span><span
                            style="font-size:14.0pt;
                            line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">SK
                            NOT TO ADOPT 'INDIGENOUS NUKE DEVELOPMENT' <br>
                          </span></b></div>
                      <b> </b>
                      <div align="center"><b><span
                            style="font-size:14.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><span
                              style="font-size:14.0pt;
                              line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">US-SK
                              ALLIANCE CONSIDER POSITIONING NUKE ASSETS
                              SURROUNDING KP</span></span></b></div>
                      <div align="center"><b><span
                            style="font-size:14.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><span
                              style="font-size:14.0pt;
                              line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><span
                                style="font-size:14.0pt;
                                line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">JAPAN'S
                                MOTIVATION TO INCREASE DEFENSE BUDGET
                                WELCOMED <br>
                              </span></span></span></b></div>
                      <b> </b>
                      <div align="center"><b><span
                            style="font-size:14.0pt;
line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><span
                              style="font-size:14.0pt;
                              line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><span
                                style="font-size:14.0pt;
                                line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:
                                  "Helvetica",sans-serif">SK
                                  SHOULD JOIN FORCES IN CASE OF TAIWAN
                                  CONTINGENCY</span></span></span></span></b></div>
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                        style="margin-bottom:.2in;text-indent:2.65pt;mso-char-indent-count:
                        .19"><font face="Helvetica, sans-serif"><b><span>Washington,
                              D.C. November 8, 2022 (</span></b><b><i><span
                                style="font-size: 12pt;">ICAS</span></i></b><b><span>)</span></b><span>
                          </span></font><span
                          style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif">—
                        </span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">A
                          twenty-second new poll conducted by the <i>ICAS</i> (Institute
                          for Corean-American Studies) continues to
                          identify issues surrounding the Korean
                          Peninsula (KP) from a national security
                          standpoint of the US. </span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.2in"><span
                          style="font-size:14.0pt;
                          line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Conducted
                          to an <b><i>ICAS audience on the Hill</i></b>,
                          83.3% of the respondents believe that the U.S.
                          obligations under the US-SK mutual defense
                          treaty rise to the level of Article V of NATO.
                          55.6% think the US-SK Alliance ought to
                          consider the 'nuclear-sharing' idea akin to
                          the NATO style, while 33.3% do not.</span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Segoe
                          UI",sans-serif"></span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.2in"><span
                          style="font-size:14.0pt;
                          line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">88.9%
                          of the respondents view that it is about time
                          to make the THAAD battery fully operational
                          since it was first introduced to SK in 2017,
                          and 55.6% do not think SK is a <i>de facto</i>
                          nuclear power in the eyes of NK.</span><span
                          style="font-size:14.0pt;
                          line-height:107%;font-family:"Segoe
                          UI",sans-serif"></span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.2in"><span
                          style="font-size:14.0pt;
                          line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">50.0%
                          of the respondents do not agree to a notion
                          that SK ought to consider adopting an
                          "indigenous nuke development" agenda, while
                          38.9% agree that SK ought to do so. </span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Segoe
                          UI",sans-serif"></span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.2in"><span
                          style="font-size:14.0pt;
                          line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">55.6%
                          of the respondents <span style="color:black">believe</span><span
                            style="color:blue"> </span>that the US-SK
                          Alliance should consider “reintroducing
                          tactical nukes” to SK. 38.9% do not think so.</span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family: "Segoe
                          UI",sans-serif"></span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.2in"><span
                          style="font-size:14.0pt;
                          line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Furthermore,
                          61.1% of respondents believe that the US-SK
                          Alliance should consider positioning nuke
                          assets surrounding KP, while 27.8% disagree.</span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.2in"><span
                          style="font-size:14.0pt;
                          line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">66.7%
                          of the respondents are of the view that the
                          Extended Deterrence Strategy recently declared
                          by the US-SK Alliance against NK's nuclear
                          threat assures <i>a fortiori </i>commitment.
                          22.2% do not think so.</span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.2in"><span
                          style="font-size:14.0pt;
                          line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">72.2%
                          of the respondents hold a negative assessment
                          of the apparent fact that the current U.S.
                          administration's National Security Strategy
                          barely mentions NK's threat and any meaningful
                          diplomacy.</span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.2in"><span
                          style="font-size:14.0pt;
                          line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">94.4%
                          of the respondents positively assess Japan's
                          apparent motivation to increase its defense
                          budget in the coming years to ~2% of its GDP
                          from its current level of ~1%.</span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                          style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:
                          "Helvetica",sans-serif">77.8% of the
                          respondents agree that SK should join forces
                          with the Allies (i.e., Japan, Taiwan, US) in
                          case of Taiwan contingency.</span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                          style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:
                          "Helvetica",sans-serif"> </span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"
                        style="margin-bottom:.2in;text-align:left"
                        align="left"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">The
                          survey was conducted from October<a
                            name="m_6781498423522239908__Hlk96293815"
                            moz-do-not-send="true">9, 2022 to October
                            30, 2022 </a>via email with a moderate
                          credibility interval. Supplemental graphic
                          data are available on <span
                            class="MsoHyperlink"><span
                              style="color:#3C61AA"><a
                                href="http://www.icasinc.org/strategy.html"
                                target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                  style="color:#3C61AA">www.icasinc.org/strategy.html</span></a></span></span> and <span
                            class="MsoHyperlink"><span
                              style="color:#3C61AA"><a
                                href="https://www.icasinc.org/strategy/polling21.pptx"
                                target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                  style="color:#3C61AA">www.icasinc.org/strategy/polling21.pptx</span></a></span></span>.</span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Segoe
                          UI",sans-serif"></span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:.2in"><span
                          style="font-size:14.0pt;
                          line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">Inquiry
                          to <span class="MsoHyperlink"><span
                              style="color:#3C61AA"><a
                                href="mailto:ICAS@icasinc.org"
                                target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><span
                                  style="color:#3C61AA">ICAS@icasinc.org</span></a></span></span></span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Segoe
                          UI",sans-serif"></span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"
                        style="margin-bottom:.2in;text-align:center"
                        align="center"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">###</span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Segoe
                          UI",sans-serif"></span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"><span
                          style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:
                          "Helvetica",sans-serif">About
                          Institute for Corean-American Studies (<i>ICAS</i>)</span><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Segoe
                          UI",sans-serif"></span></p>
                      <br>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><font size="2"><i><span
                              style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;
font-family:"Helvetica",sans-serif">ICAS</span></i></font><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family: "Segoe
                          UI",sans-serif"><font size="2"> was
                            established in 1973, as a non-profit,
                            non-partisan, and private educational and
                            research organization and it is incorporated
                            in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. <i>ICAS</i> is
                            not an agent of any government and/or a
                            foreign principal, and is solely supported
                            by voluntary contributions. Its activities
                            and programs rely on the private donations
                            of the general public, i.e., individuals,
                            foundations, and corporations. <i>ICAS</i> promotes
                            pertinent relations and conducts appropriate
                            activities with a special emphasis on
                            multilateral relations between the United
                            States and Asia-Pacific rim nations. Its
                            membership includes individuals from varied
                            sectors embracing academic, corporate,
                            cultural, educational, international and
                            other related fields. <i>ICAS</i> strives to
                            provide public services <i>pro bono publico</i>. 
                          </font><br>
                        </span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal" align="right"><span
                          style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:
                          "Segoe UI",sans-serif">All Rights
                          Reserved.<br>
                        </span></p>
                      <p class="MsoNormal"
                        style="margin-bottom:0.2in;line-height:normal"><span
style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif"></span></p>
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