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<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black">Dear colleagues, </span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
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<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:black">Please see below for information about the eleventh session of the 2025-2026 Enemy Encounters in East Asia webinar series of the Research Training
Group "Ambivalent Enmity: Dynamics of Antagonism in Asia, Europe, and the Middle East at Heidelberg University and the Heidelberg University of Jewish Studies, Germany.</span></p>
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<span style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;
color:black"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black"></span></p>
<p class="Default" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#C45911;mso-themecolor:accent2;
mso-themeshade:191;letter-spacing:-.3pt"></span></b><b><span style="color:
#ED7D31;mso-themecolor:accent2">Climate
Change, Shipwrecks, and Coastal Defense: Wokou and the Making of an 'Enemy' in the East Asia, 13th-17th Centuries</span></b><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#C45811"></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#C45911;
mso-themecolor:accent2;mso-themeshade:191;letter-spacing:-.3pt"></span></b></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height:
106%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:black">Ma Guang </span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:
106%;font-family:"New serif",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"></span></p>
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line-height:106%;background:white">
<span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">(Associate Professor, Macao Polytechnic University)</span></p>
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<b><span lang="NL" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:
"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:
NL">October 30, 2025, 3:00 PM (</span></b><b><span lang="NL" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:NL">Heidelberg,
CET) via ZOOM. </span></b><span lang="NL" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:NL"></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;
background:white">
<b><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">The webinar will be recorded, but not the question time.</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="color:black;mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:
auto;line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list 36.0pt;
background:white">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:
"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:
EN-US">If you would like to attend the webinars, please contact
</span><a href="mailto:barend.noordam@hcts.uni-heidelberg.de"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">barend.noordam@hcts.uni-heidelberg.de</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">.
</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman""></span></li></ul>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;background:white"><a name="_Hlk75508898"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0cm;
padding:0cm;background:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">In
this session</span></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black;
border:none windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0cm;padding:0cm;
background:white;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">, Ma Guang (Associate Professor,
Macao Polytechnic University) will share his thoughts on the environmental and political context behind the
<i>Wokou </i>piracy in East Asia:</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;background:white"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black;
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</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:107%;
font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">From the 13th to the 17th centuries, wokou (Japanese pirates) repeatedly raided the coasts of China and Korea, threatening maritime security across East
Asia. This talk examines the broader environmental and political contexts behind these incursions, arguing that not only instability in Japan but also climatic changes, including cooling temperatures, droughts, floods, and typhoons, intensified wokou activities.
By tracing diplomatic missions among China, Korea, and Japan, and analyzing shipwrecks and coastal fortifications, the lecture reveals how climate shifts, piracy, and defense together shaped the making of an enemy and the maritime order of East Asia.</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:107%;font-family:
"Arial",sans-serif;mso-no-proof:yes"><img size="0" contenttype="image/jpeg" style="max-width: 99.9%;" id="img17171" contextid="img339273" tabindex="0" src="cid:92e4dd71-6c10-4382-85f5-5f9bfef82256"></span><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;line-height:
107%;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-no-proof:yes"><img size="0" contenttype="image/jpeg" style="max-width: 99.9%;" id="img327809" contextid="img922306" tabindex="0" src="cid:a7c7d6af-bbed-4da1-8edc-a6d84dbb60a1"></span></p>
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<p style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;background:white"><u><span style="font-family:"New serif",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black"><br>
</span></u></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;background:white"><u><span style="font-family:"New serif",serif;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black">BACKGROUND</span></u></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;background:white"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0cm;padding:0cm">For more information about the </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
color:black">Research
Training Group "Ambivalent Enmity: Dynamics of Antagonism in Asia, Europe, and the Middle East<span style="border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0cm;padding:0cm">, please go to our website
</span></span><span style="color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext"><a href="https://www.ambivalentenmity.uni-heidelberg.de/en"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0cm;padding:0cm">https://www.ambivalentenmity.uni-heidelberg.de/en</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;
mso-border-alt:none windowtext 0cm;padding:0cm">.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"><br>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">The RTG also produces the podcast series
<i>Enemy Encounters </i>which features interviews and in-depth discussions conducted by members of the RTG with scholars, researchers and journalists about various cases of ambivalent enmity in Eurasia as a whole. It can be accessed
</span><a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/enemy-encounters/id1783137716"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">here</span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif"> and
</span><a href="https://music.amazon.de/podcasts/cac5885d-675c-4e4b-87fc-3f9cb9679405/enemy-encounters"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">here</span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">.
</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;background:white"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><br>
</span></p>
<p style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;background:white"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">This project has received funding from the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG).
</span><i><span style="font-size:10.5pt;
font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:等线"></span></i></p>
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<span style="font-family:"New serif",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black"> </span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:
"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">Kind regards,</span></p>
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line-height:normal;background:white">
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:
"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"> </span></p>
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line-height:normal;background:white">
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:
"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"> </span></p>
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line-height:normal;background:white">
<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:
"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"> </span></p>
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<span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:
"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">Barend Noordam</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#201F1E"></span></p>
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<p><b><span style="font-size:8pt">-------------------------------------------------------------------------<br>
</span></b></p>
<p><b><span style="font-size:8pt">Dr. Barend Noordam</span></b></p>
<p><span style="font-size:8pt">RTG Ambivalent Enmity</span><span style="font-size:8pt">
</span><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif,serif,"EmojiFont"">|</span><span style="font-size:8pt">
</span><span style="font-size:8pt">Postdoctoral Research Fellow <br>
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt"><br>
</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="font-size:8pt">Heidelberg Centre for Transcultural Studies
</span><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif,serif,"EmojiFont"">|</span><span style="font-size:8pt"> HCTS</span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:8pt">Karl Jaspers Centre</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10pt"></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif,serif,"EmojiFont"">Vostr. 2 | Building 4400 | Room 009</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif,serif,"EmojiFont"">69115 Heidelberg, Germany</span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif,serif,"EmojiFont"">Tel: +49 (0) 6221 544082</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif,serif,"EmojiFont"">E: barend.noordam@hcts.uni-heidelberg.de</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif,serif,"EmojiFont""><span style="font-size:8pt">W:
</span><a href="https://www.ambivalentenmity.uni-heidelberg.de/en/people/dr-barend-noordam" class="OWAAutoLink" id="LPNoLP">https://www.ambivalentenmity.uni-heidelberg.de/en/people/dr-barend-noordam</a><br>
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